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1 Monocular Horizontal Pendular Nystagmus in MS𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Both of these patients have MS and monocular (OS) horizontal pendular nystagmus. The first patient seen in the video has normal afferent function and no evidence of optic nerve disease in either eye, while the second pati...Image/MovingImage
2 Pendular Nystagmus and Ocular Motor Signs in MS𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 30-year-old man with a 15 year history of multiple sclerosis. For the last 12 months, he experienced horizontal oscillopsia. On examination, there were ocular motor abnormalities including gaze-evoked nystagmus,...Image/MovingImage
3 Elliptical Pendular Nystagmus in MS𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 40-yo-woman with MS and bilateral optic nerve disease who presented with a year's long history of oscillopsia, which was related to elliptical pendular nystagmus. The appearance of elliptical nystagmus is the re...Image/MovingImage
4 Test Your Knowledge - Monocular Oscillopsia𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Which of the following associated signs is most likely to be seen in this patient presenting with oscillopsia? A. Optic nerve pallor B. Palatal tremor C. Severe unilateral cataract D. Head bobbing E. Neurovascular contact...Image/MovingImage
5 Dissociated Elliptical Pendular Nystagmus in MSThis is a patient with multiple sclerosis who presented with oscillopsia. Seen in the video is an elliptical pendular nystagmus in both eyes that was dissociated. Here, the term "dissociated" refers to the fact that the nystagmus is (slightly) more intense in the left eye as compared to the right ...Image/MovingImage
6 Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO) in Multiple Sclerosis𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This video includes 3 patients each with a known history of MS found to have unilateral or bilateral INOs on their exam. In the first 2 patients, the INOs are relatively subtle with normal adduction. However, with rapid h...Image/MovingImage
7 Wallenberg Syndrome in MS𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: 30-yo-woman with MS presenting with acute vertigo and vertical diplopia. Examination demonstrated several aspects of the Wallenberg syndrome (her acute demyelinating lesion was in the left lateral medulla): ipsilesional (...Image/MovingImage
8 Pendular, Gaze-Evoked and Abducting Nystagmus in MSThis is a 40-year-old woman with a history of multiple sclerosis who presented for oscillopsia. On examination, she had bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO-adduction lag OU and abducting nystagmus OU), with a corresponding exotropia that increased in right and left gaze. She also had horiz...Image/MovingImage
9 Expanded Nystagmus & Saccadic Intrusions/Oscillations DifferentialExpanded nystagmus & saccadic intrusions/ oscillations differentialText
10 Central HINTS (With an Abnormal Head Impulse Sign) in the Acute Vestibular Syndrome Due to Lateral Pontine/Middle Cerebellar Peduncle Demyelination𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 30-year-old man presenting with vertigo, diplopia and mild left facial weakness (not seen in the video). On exam, there was right-beating nystagmus (RBN) in primary gaze that increased in right gaze (in accordan...Image/MovingImage
11 Test Your Knowledge - OscillopsiaThis 65-year-old man with multiple sclerosis described that objects in front of him appear to spontaneously jump or move horizontally for the last few months. He reported that his symptoms occur independent of head movements and head impulse testing was normal. After viewing the video, what is the m...Image/MovingImage
12 The Acute Vestibular Syndrome in MS Due to Middle Cerebellar Peduncle/Root Entry Zone LesionThis is a 13 year-old girl with relatively abrupt onset vertigo and oscillopsia. On exam, there was primarily right-beating nystagmus in primary gaze with a slight upward (upbeat) component, giving the nystagmus an oblique appearance. The upward component and lack of a clear torsional component acut...Image/MovingImage
13 Wall-eyed Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO) in MSThis is a young woman with a years-long history of multiple sclerosis who presented 2 years prior to this examination with complaints of oscillopsia (which was due to spontaneous upbeat nystagmus), as well as diplopia (which was due to bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia, INO). ; ; At the time of...Image/MovingImage
14 Torsional Jerk NystagmusPresented here are 3 patients with torsional jerk nystagmus. The first patient presented with vertigo and experienced oscillopsia due to her torsional nystagmus. Pure or predominantly torsional nystagmus is highly suggestive of a central process. Her nystagmus was unidirectional and followed Alexand...Image/MovingImage
15 Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMPs)𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) are electromyographic potential reflex tests that reflect the function of the saccule in cervical VEMP and the utricle in ocular VEMP.1 In the cervical VEMP an inhibitory refle...Text
16 A Comparison of Nystagmus and Saccadic Intrusions/OscillationsNystagmus can be classified into pendular and jerk waveforms, where both are generated by a slow, pathologic phase. Corrective phase (the position reset mechanism) differs. In pendular nystagmus, the eyes move back and forth with about the same velocity and amplitude, similar to that of a pendulum...Image
17 Test Your Knowledge - The Acute Vestibular Syndrome and PtosisWhat is the most likely localization in this patient presenting with vertical diplopia and acute onset prolonged vertigo? A. Right medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) B. Left medial longitudinal fasciculus C. Right medulla D. Left medulla E. Left midbrain A. Incorrect. A right MLF lesion (stroke, M...Image/MovingImage
18 Ocular Motor Signs in Brainstem Demyelinating Disease - Spontaneous Upbeat, Vertical Gaze-Evoked Nystagmus, Slow Saccades, Bilateral Vestibular Loss, INOs𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 25-year-old woman who presented with painful vision loss bilaterally two years prior to this video recording, which was diagnosed as optic neuritis. Months later, she experienced oscillopsia and binocular horizo...Image/MovingImage
19 Approach to the Ocular Motor and Vestibular History and ExaminationHistory and examination of ocular motor and vestibular.Text
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