NOVEL - Daniel Gold Collection
 
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101 Idiopathic Downbeat Nystagmus Exacerbated with Positional Maneuvers - Part 2: Patient is Now on 4-AminopyridineThis is a 45-yo-woman presented in "Idiopathic downbeat nystagmus exacerbated with positional maneuvers". This video was taken after the patient had been on 4-aminopyridine for 3 months. There was marked improvement in subjective oscillopsia and objective downbeat nystagmus. The strong positional co...Image/MovingImage
102 Idiopathic Downbeat Nystagmus, Decreasing with ConvergenceThis is a 25-yo-woman who experienced vertically oscillopsia for 1 year, and was found to have downbeat nystagmus. Interestingly, there were no other cerebellar ocular motor signs - e.g., normal saccades, smooth pursuit, VOR suppression, and no gaze-evoked nystagmus, although her (pure) downbeat was...Image/MovingImage
103 Impaired Smooth Pursuit and Other Characteristic Ocular Motor Findings in Middle Cerebellar Peduncle Stroke𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 50-year-old woman who underwent resection of a left-sided acoustic neuroma, and post-operatively, she had vertigo, binocular diplopia, left hemi-ataxia and severe gait ataxia. MR diffusion weighted imaging demon...Image/MovingImage
104 Inferior Oblique Overaction in a Congenital 4th Nerve Palsy60-yo-man complaining of intermittent oblique diplopia. There was a left hypertropia that worsened in down gaze, right gaze and in left head tilt. There was a large vertical fusional amplitude in addition to a longstanding rightward head tilt, and on examination there was left inferior oblique overa...Image/MovingImage
105 The Influence of Convergence on Downbeat NystagmusThis is a patient presenting with progressive imbalance and oscillopsia over the course of approximately 1 year. On examination, he had cerebellar ataxia in addition to spontaneous downbeat nystagmus (DBN). His downbeat nystagmus increased in lateral and downgaze, which are characteristic features,...Image/MovingImage
106 INOs in Stroke𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This video shows 3 patients with vascular risk factors who suffered strokes of the MLF resulting in unilateral INO in each case. In the second case, INO was diagnosed status post cardiac catherization and MRI was found to...Image/MovingImage
107 Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO) in Multiple Sclerosis𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This video includes 3 patients each with a known history of MS found to have unilateral or bilateral INOs on their exam. In the first 2 patients, the INOs are relatively subtle with normal adduction. However, with rapid h...Image/MovingImage
108 Ipsitorsional Quick Phases with Head Tilt in a Normal SubjectThis is a demonstration of ocular counterroll, which can be seen when the head is tilted to the right or to the left. For example, when the head is tilted to the right, the top poles of both eyes should rotate toward the left ear to keep the top poles oriented with earth vertical. This is part of ...Image/MovingImage
109 Jerk Nystagmus𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is an example of jerk nystagmus due to a central vestibular lesion. The slow phase is the pathologic phase (to the left) which initiates the movement, and is followed by a fast position reset mechanism (to the right)...Image/MovingImage
110 Latent Nystagmus and DVD in Infantile EsotropiaThis is a 20-year-old woman with infantile esotropia (s/p strabismus surgery as a child) who demonstrated latent nystagmus and presumed dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) OS, which are commonly seen with infantile esotropia (also inferior oblique overaction and monocular nasotemporal asymmetry to ...Image/MovingImage
111 Leukemic Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis Causing 4th and 6th Nerve Palsies𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 55-yo-man with CML that recurred as AML. Diagonal diplopia developed, and on examination he was found to have a partial right 6th nerve palsy, in addition to a left hypertropia that increased in right gaze, down...Image/MovingImage
112 Light Near Dissociation in a Tonic Pupil𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 65-year-old woman who noticed difficulty reading and heightened sensitivity to lights OS for the last 6 months. On examination, there was mydriasis OS of about 6 mm (3 mm OD). The left (mydriatic) pupil constric...Image/MovingImage
113 Localization of Ophthalmoplegia𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: A table describing the localization of ophthalmoplegia.Text
114 Maddox Rod and Red Glass Testing𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Describing the basics of strabismus.Text
115 Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus Syndrome with Prominent Spontaneous Nystagmus𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 60-year-old man who experienced the abrupt onset of diplopia and imbalance. He had typical features of a left medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) syndrome including left internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) and l...Image/MovingImage
116 Medial Medullary SyndromesThis is a video of two patients who suffered small strokes involving the right medial medulla, and who presented with acute vertigo and oscillopsia. The first patient in the video had pure upbeat nystagmus, while the second patient had upbeat-torsional (towards the right ear) nystagmus in addition t...Image/MovingImage
117 Medullary Structures Relevant to the Ocular Motor and Vestibular Consequences of Lateral Medullary (Wallenberg) SyndromeThis is an axial section of the medulla showing the structures that, when damaged, are responsible for the vestibular and ocular motor features of the lateral medullary or Wallenberg syndrome. The nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH) and medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) complex is important for horizo...Image
118 Medullary Structures Relevant to Upbeat NystagmusThis is an axial section of the medulla, slightly more caudal as compared to (please refer to figure "medullary structures relevant to the ocular motor and vestibular consequences of the lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome). Again seen are the inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP) and caudal aspect...Image
119 Mesodiencephalic Stroke Causing Unilateral riMLF and INC Ocular Motor Syndromes𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 65-year-old man who experienced the sudden onset of diplopia (with horizontal and vertical components), dysarthria and imbalance. An MRI performed the following day showed a left mesodiencephalic stroke. The pat...Image/MovingImage
120 Mild 6th Nerve Palsy Due to Pontine StrokeThis is a 70-year-old woman with HTN and diabetes who presented with horizontal diplopia for several weeks, worse in right gaze. There was a very subtle abduction paresis OD with full motility elsewhere. With cover-uncover testing, there was a small esotropia in right gaze (esodeviation seen with al...Image/MovingImage
121 Miller Fisher Syndrome - Ophthalmoplegia and Hyperreflexia𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 45-yo-woman who presented with mild imbalance and diplopia. There had been a preceding viral illness several weeks prior. Examination demonstrated horizontal gaze paresis (sparing unilateral adduction), mild gai...Image/MovingImage
122 Miller Fisher Syndrome - Ophthalmoplegia, Ptosis and Ataxia𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a young man who presented with ptosis, difficulty moving the eyes and gait imbalance several weeks after a GI illness. Miller Fisher syndrome was diagnosed, IVIG therapy was initiated, and anti-Gq1b antibodies cam...Image/MovingImage
123 Monocular Downbeat Nystagmus Due to a Posterior Fossa CystThis is a 40-yo-man who experienced months of imbalance and was found to have an epidermoid cyst (immediately posterior to the 4th ventricle), which was resected. Months after surgery, he experienced monocular vertical oscillopsia. On examination, there was subtle downbeat nystagmus (DBN) in the rig...Image/MovingImage
124 Monocular Horizontal Pendular Nystagmus in MS𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Both of these patients have MS and monocular (OS) horizontal pendular nystagmus. The first patient seen in the video has normal afferent function and no evidence of optic nerve disease in either eye, while the second pati...Image/MovingImage
125 The Most Common Audiovestibular Laboratory Tests, and the Specific Conditions in Which They May Assist in Making or Supporting the DiagnosisVN = vestibular neuritis; VM = vestibular migraine; VP = vestibular paroxysmia; vHIT = video head impulse test; VNG = video-nystagmography; ENG = electronystagmography; VOG = video-oculography; VEMPs = vestibular evoked myogenic potentials; SCDS = superior canal dehiscence syndrome; BPPV = benign pa...Text
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