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1 Francis, LeslieCompetitive sports, disability, and problems of justice in sportsA "level playing field" is a stock metaphor for equality. Despite its status as a near-cliché, however, the metaphor has been given limited theoretical attention. Deliberately tilting the field so that one set of contestants must consistently run uphill while their opponents get a downhill ride is...Level playing field; Competitive sports2005
2 Thalos, Mariam G.From paradox to judgment: an essay on the metaphysics of expressionThe Liar sentence is a singularly important piece of philosophical evidence. It is an instrument for investigating the metaphysics of expressing truths and falsehoods. And an instrument too for investigating the varieties of conflict that can give rise to paradox. It shall serve as perhaps the most ...Liar sentence; Metaphysics; Paradox; Human Nature; Truth; Falsehood2005
3 Thalos, Mariam G.From paradox to judgment: towards a metaphysics of expressionThe Liar sentence is a singularly important piece of philosophical evidence. It is an instrument for investigating the metaphysics of expressing truths and falsehoods. And an instrument too for investigating the varieties of conflict that can give rise to paradox. It shall serve as perhaps the most ...Language; Sentences; Semantic2005
4 Crowe, Benjamin D.Heidegger and the prospect of a phenomenology of prayerAn attempt to contribute to a "phenomenology of prayer" ought to begin with the recognition that the word "phenomenology" means many different things to many different people. Moreover, it must be recognized that none of these usages has any obvious claim to being the normative one. Given these ines...2005
5 Battin, Margaret P.July 4, 1826: explaining the same-day deaths of John Adams and Thomas JeffersonJohn Adams and Thomas Jefferson died on the same day, July 4, 1826. Both were old men--Adams was 90, and Jefferson was 83--and both were ill, though Adams had been in comparatively robust health until just a few months earlier and Jefferson had been ill for an extended period. They had been rivals,...Coincidence; Synchrony; Bioethics; Euthanasia; Suicide2005
6 Andreou, ChrisoulaOn natural goodness by Philippa FootIn her 1972 paper 'Morality as a System of Hypothetical Imperatives', Philippa Foot boldly challenged the common assumption that viciousness is a form of irrationality and embraced a picture of practical rationality according to which an agent's reasons for action are grounded in nothing other th...Irrationality; Evaluation; Natural defect2005
7 Haber, MatthewCoherence, consistency, and cohesion: Clade selection in Okasha and beyondSamir Okasha argues that clade selection is an incoherent concept, because the relation that constitutes clades is such that it renders parent-offspring (reproduction) relations between clades impossible. He reasons that since clades cannot reproduce, it is not coherent to speak of natural selection...Biological classification; Cladistics; Taxonomy2005-12
8 Plutynski, AnyaExplanation in classical population geneticsThe recent literature in Philosophy; of biology has drawn attention to the different sorts of explanations proffered in the biological sciences--we have molecular, biomedical, and evolutionary explanations. Do these explanations all have a common structure or relation that they seek to capture? This...Biology, Philosophy;; Explanation; Genetics; Life sciences; Population genetics; Science2005-12
9 Francis, LeslieJustice through trust: disability and the Outlier problem in Social Contract TheoryThe article focuses on the flaws of the social contract theory. It explores how hostile the social contract as a bargaining process has been thought to distance disabled people from contract-based justice. It analyzes the argument that the history of social contract theory exclude the people with di...Consensus, social sciences; Discrimination; Social contract; Social ethics; Sociology of disability2005-10
10 Newman, LexDescartes' epistemologyRené Descartes (1596-1650) is widely regarded as the father of modern Philosophy;. His noteworthy contributions extend to mathematics and physics. This entry focuses on his philosophical contributions in the theory of knowledge. Specifically, the focus is on the epistemological project of Descartes...Descartes; Philosophy;; Epistemology2005-04-14
11 Haber, MatthewOn probability and systematics: possibility, probability, and phylogenetic inferenceIn phylogenetic systematics, an ongoing debate has revolved around the appropriate choice of methodology for the construction of phylogenetic trees and inference of ancestral states. A recent paper by Mark Siddall and Arnold Kluge (Siddall and Kluge, 1997) advocates a privileged status for parsimon...Phylogentic systematics; Probability; Possibility; Frequency; Propensity2005-10-01
12 Haber, MatthewPoverty of the Linnaean Hierarchy: a philosophical study of biological taxonomy (book review)The article reviews the book "The Poverty of the Linnaean Hierarchy: A Philosophical Study of Biological Taxonomy," by Marc Ereshefsky.Biology, classification; Books, reviews; Nonficiton2005-12-15
13 Millgram, ElijahPractical reason and the structure of actionsA wave of recent philosophical work on practical rationality is organized by the following implicit argument: Practical reasoning is figuring out what to do; to do is to act; so the forms of practical inference can be derived from the structure or features of action. Now it is not as though earlier ...Practical reasoning; Inference; Philosophy2005-08-24
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