NOVEL - Daniel Gold Collection
 
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TitleDescriptionSubject
201 Ocular Bobbing Due to Hepatic Encephalopathy𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 55-year-old man presented with hepatic encephalopathy, and found to have ocular bobbing. Head CT did not show any acute changes. Ocular bobbing almost always localizes to the pons, although cerebellar pathology ...Pons
202 Ocular Motor & Vestibular Features of the MLF Syndrome𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This 61-year-old woman with HTN and DM presented for evaluation of acute onset diagonal diplopia. Adduction OS was about 60% of normal while medialization OS improved with convergence. In right gaze, dissociated abducti...INO; Jerk Nystagmus; Torsional Nystagmus; Gaze-evoked Nystagmus
203 Oculogyric Crisis𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a patient with neuroleptic-induced oculogyric crisis. 𝗡𝗲𝘂𝗿𝗼-𝗼𝗽𝗵𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗹𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗡𝗲𝘂𝗿𝗼-𝗼𝘁𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆 𝗧𝗲𝘅𝘁𝗯�...Oculogyric
204 Oculopalatal Tremor and Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia Due to Hemorrhagic Pontine Cavernoma𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 60-year-old woman who experienced 2 episodes of vertigo, nausea and vomiting, which was felt to be related to recurrent hemorrhage of a pontine cavernoma that was adjacent to the fourth ventricle. The cavernoma ...Pendular Nystagmus; Oculopalatal Tremor; INO; Pons OMS; Seventh Facial Nerve
205 Oculopalatal Tremor and One-and-a-Half Syndrome Due to Pontine Hemorrhage𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 65-year-old man who was put on a blood thinner, and shortly thereafter experienced a midline pontine hemorrhage, which was more dense on the left side. Immediately afterwards, right hemiparesis and hemi-anesthes...Pendular Nystagmus; Oculopalatal Tremor; INO; One-and-a-Half; Pons OMS; Seventh Facial Nerve; Sixth Abducens Nerve
206 Oculopalatal Tremor with Prominent Nystagmus, Bilateral Horizontal Gaze Palsy, and Bilateral Facial Palsies𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 50-year-old woman who experienced the acute onset of right sixth and seventh nerve palsies and left hemiparesis. Two cavernomas within the right pons (one in the region of the facial colliculus) were demonstrat...Abnormal Range; Sixth Nerve Palsy; Facial Nerve; Horizontal Gaze Palsy; OMS Pons; Pendular Nystagmus; Oculopalatal
207 Optokinetic Nystagmus𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: During the bedside evaluation of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), the patient is instructed to look at each red (or white) square as it moves past. Because this is not a full-field visual stimuli, using an optokinetic flag m...Optokinetic Nystagmus
208 Pendular, Gaze-Evoked and Abducting Nystagmus in MSThis is a 40-year-old woman with a history of multiple sclerosis who presented for oscillopsia. On examination, she had bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO-adduction lag OU and abducting nystagmus OU), with a corresponding exotropia that increased in right and left gaze. She also had horiz...Jerk Nystagmus; INO; Pendular Nystagmus; Abducting Nystagmus; Gaze-Evoked Nystagmus; Cerebellar OMS
209 Penlight Cover Test (Partial Removal of Fixation)Penlight cover test (partial removal of fixation): during in-person clinical encounters, the maneuvers below are best tested with complete (or near complete) removal of fixation (e.g., Frenzel or video Frenzel goggles). Removal of fixation is more challenging during virtual evaluations but can be ap...Penlight Cover Test (Partial Removal of Fixation)
210 Peripheral (Vestibular) and Central (Gaze-Evoked) Patterns of Nystagmus in a Single PatientA 55-year-old man experienced episodic vertigo and was diagnosed with Meniere's disease affecting the left ear (based on audiograms and his clinical course) about 1 year prior to presentation. About 6 months prior to presentation, intratympanic (IT) gentamicin was injected into the left ear, at whic...Jerk Nystagmus; Vestibular Nystagmus; Bruns; Gaze Evoked Nystagmus; VOR HIT Abnormal
211 Pinched Nose ValsalvaValsalva (closed glottis or pinched nose): instruct the patient to take a deep breath and ‘bear down' (closed glottis) or take a deep breath and ‘try to pop their ears' (pinched nose). Assess for nystagmus. In superior canal dehiscence, pressure changes may be transmitted to the superior canal, ...Pinched Nose Valsalva
212 Pressure Testing for Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) is caused by a third mobile window in the inner ear. This allows for transmission of sound or pressure to the superior canal. Tragal compression and/or glottic and ...Valsalva; Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome
213 Provocative Maneuvers (Removal of Fixation, Vibration, Head-Shaking) to Accentuate Peripheral Vestibular Nystagmus)𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: With an acute destructive process like vestibular neuritis that causes significant unilateral vestibular loss, spontaneous nystagmus is always present. However, over days to months, spontaneous nystagmus should resolve co...Headshaking Nystagmus
214 Range of Motion (Ductions)Range of motion (ductions): check the range of each individual eye (ductions) if there is diplopia or if a motility deficit is suspected. Instructing the patient to hold their head 20o to the right or to the left may provide a better view of the range of horizontal gaze, if there is diplopia or if a...Range of Motion; Ductions
215 SaccadesSaccades: instruct the patient to make rapid movements of their eyes in each gaze direction, noting the speed, conjugacy, latency, and accuracy. First have the patient look between an eccentric target and the camera horizontally and vertically, making assessment of accuracy easier - e.g., overshooti...Saccades
216 Skew Deviation and Spontaneous Nystagmus Due to Posterior Fossa LesionsThis is a 50-year-old woman who reported the abrupt onset of imbalance, right upper extremity incoordination and binocular vertical diplopia several months prior to her presentation to our clinic. On examination, she had a left hypertropia that was fairly comitant (measuring 5 prism diopters) assoc...Abnormal Alignment; Jerk Nystagmus; Upbeat Nystagmus; Vestibular Nystagmus; Rotary Nystagmus; Skew Deviation
217 Slow Saccades Due to Unilateral Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (PPRF) Injury with Preserved Movements Using the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 60-year-old man who presented for imbalance and oscillopsia 10 months after surgery and 8 months after radiation for Merkel cell carcinoma of the neck. He developed imbalance after surgery and diplopia and osci...Abnormal Saccades; Pons OMS; Sixth Abducens Nerve; Abnormal VOR; Vestibulocochlear Nerve; Horizontal Gaze Palsy
218 Slow Volitional Saccades and Poor Fast Phases to an Optokinetic Stimulus, with Preserved Head Impulse TestingThis is a 67-year-old woman presenting with imbalance and binocular horizontal diplopia at near. On examination there were frequent square wave jerks, limited supraduction OU and convergence insufficiency, which explained her diplopia. Pursuit and suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex were sa...Abnormal Saccades; VOR HIT Normal
219 Smooth PursuitSmooth pursuit: instruct the patient to hold their head steady, fix their eyes on the camera and slowly move the camera in the horizontal and vertical planes. Or, have the patient focus on their outstretched thumbnail (or other small fixation target), while following the slowly moving object horizon...Smooth Pursuit
220 Spontaneous Upbeat Nystagmus in Acute Wernicke's Encephalopathy𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 40-year-old woman presenting with imbalance, confusion and oscillopsia. Exam demonstrated upbeat nystagmus (UBN) in primary gaze that remained UB in all directions of gaze, with a slight torsional component (top...Upbeat Nystagmus; Jerk Nystagmus; Medullar OMS
221 Superior Canal Dehiscence𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 60-yo-man who complained of autophony (eg, hearing his own heartbeat, noting that his own voice sounded too loud) and dizziness triggered with loud noises and straining at times. With pinched-nose Valsalva maneu...Nystagmus; Superior Canal Dehiscence; Valsalva
222 Test Your Knowledge - Bilateral 4th Nerve PalsiesWatch the video until instructed to stop. Which of the following features is likely to be present given her exam findings? A. Gaze-evoked nystagmus and impaired smooth pursuit B. History of traumatic brain injury C. History of blepharoplasty or brow lift surgery and prominence of superior sulcus on ...Abnormal Alignment; Fourth Nerve; Trochlear Nerve
223 Test Your Knowledge - Central and Peripheral Vestibular and Ocular Motor Signs Due to a Large Vestibular SchwannomaWhich of the following is least likely to be the correct localization or etiology given the findings seen in the video? 1) Acute right 8th cranial neuropathy 2) Right-sided vestibular schwannoma 3) Right vestibular nucleus infarction 4) Right anterior inferior cerebellar artery distribution stroke A...Abnormal VOR; Jerk Nystagmus; Vestibular Nystagmus; Gaze Evoked Nystagmus; Bruns Nystagmus; Cerebellar OMS
224 Test Your Knowledge - Monocular Oscillopsia𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Which of the following associated signs is most likely to be seen in this patient presenting with oscillopsia? A. Optic nerve pallor B. Palatal tremor C. Severe unilateral cataract D. Head bobbing E. Neurovascular contact...Pendular Nystagmus
225 Test Your Knowledge - Optokinetic Nystagmus with a Parietal Lesion𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Given the finding seen in the first part of the video, which of the following associated features are most likely? (more than one answer may be correct) A. Left homonymous visual field defect B. Right homonymous visual fi...Abnormal OKN; Jerk Nystagmus
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