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TitleCreatorDescriptionSubject
1 Cogan's Lid Twitch SignRaed Behbehani, MDCogan's lid twitch sign is a twitch sign of he upper lid upon looking straight from a sustained downgaze position. It is associated with Ocular Myasthenia Gavis.Myasthenia; Ptosis; Lid Twitch
2 Upbeat NystagmusRaed Behbehani, MD,A patient with a brain stem syndrome due to demyelination and upbeat nystagmus.Upbeat Nystagmus
3 Downbeat Nystagmus Anti-GAD Cerebellar SyndromeRaed Behbehani, MDA patient with Anti-GAD positive Cerebellar syndrome with ataxia and opsoclonus due to downbeat nystagmus , treated with Baclofen with some improvement.Downbeat Nystagmus
4 See-Saw NystagmusRaed Behbehani, MDThis nystagmus localizes to lesions supra/parasellar region (Large sellar and hypothalamic lesion) and is characterized by a see saw movement of elevation/intorsion of one eye and depression/extorsion of the other eye in a pendular fashion. This patient had a large pituitary macro-adenoma with supra...See-Saw Nystagmus
5 Optic Nerve Sheath FenestrationRaed Behbehani, MDOptic nerve sheath fenestration is performed to manage papilledema causing progressive loss of vision , due to raised intracranial pressure from Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension or Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. The procedure is usually performed in cases of severe visual field loss or when m...Optic Nerve Sheath Fenestration
6 Temporal Artery BiopsyRaed Behbehani, MDThis is a video of Superficial Temporal Artery Biopsy done under local anaesthesia for a patient who was suspected to have Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA. GCA is vasculitis of the medium sized vessels than can lead to permanent visual loss by causing Arteritis Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. The diagnosis of ...Temporal Artery Biopsy; Giant Cell Arteritis
7 Pulsating ExophthalmosRaed Behbehani, MDThis patient had brain surgery with bone removal resulted in transmission of CSF pulsation into the orbit and pulsating exophthalmos. This sign can also be seen in patient with neurofibromatosis with hypoplasia of the sphenoid wing bone.Pulsating Exophthalmos; Neurofibromatosis
8 Congenital Oculomotor ApraxiaRaed Behbehani, MDCongenital Ocular Motor Apraxia is an uncommon condition that causes children to have difficulty moving their eyes horizontally or from side to side. They are usually unable to quickly move their eyes from side to side and often have to turn their head (head jerking) and not just their eyes to track...Oculomotor Apraxia
9 Ocular NeuromyotoniaRaed Behbehani, MDOcular Neuromytonia is a characterised by by paroxysmal tonic contraction of the extraocular muscles supplied by the oculomotor nerve. It is has been reported after cranial radiation therapy, especially to the sellar-parasellar region and from compressive lesions such tumours or aneurysms. The patho...Ocular Neuromyotania
10 Periodic Alternating NystagmusRaed Behbehani, MDPAN is a nystagamus characterized by a cycle of uniderectional jerk nystagamus for 60-90 sec , a pause for 10-20 sec and a a cycle of a jerk nystagmus in the opposite direction for 60-90 sec. It is found in brain stem and cerebellar conditions as well as ocular albinism ( as in this patient).Periodic Alternating Nystagmus
11 See-Saw NystagmusRaed Behbehani, MDSee-saw nystagmus is a localizing nystagmus to lesions of the sellar and parasellar region. "It's characterized by synchronous elevation and intorsion of one eye and depression and extorsion of the contra lateral eye . This patent has a craniopharyngioma, which was operated twice, optic atrophy and ...See-Saw Nystagmus
12 Marcus Gunn Jaw WinkingRaed Behbehani, MDMarcus Gunn Jaw Wink causes congenital ptosis and eyelid retraction associated with jaw movement or sucking. It's due to "miswiring" between 3rd and 5th cranial nerves. The treatment of ptosis in children is surgery to prevent amblyopia .Jaw Winking; Marcus Gunn
13 Apraxia of Eyelid OpeningRaed Behbehani, MDPatient has Parkinson disease and has developed this condition following deep brain stimulation.Apraxia; Eyelid Opening
14 Pertinent Pupillary ProblemsKarl C. Golnik, MDPupil Exam is a narrated PowerPoint that covers the basic of examining pupils.Pupil Exam; Pupil
15 AnisocoriaKarl C. Golnik, MDThis is a narrated PowerPoint presentation that covers the common causes of anisocoria.Pupil; Anisocoria
16 Parinaud SyndromeRaed Behbehani, MDParinaud syndrome, as called dorsal midbrain syndrome, is due to dorsal midbrain lesions from compression (e.g., a tumor), demyelination, or ischemia. The syndrome is characterized by limitation of upward gaze, convergence retraction nystagmus, light near dissociation, and lid retraction (Collier's ...Dorsal Mibrain Syndrome; Parinaud's Syndrome
17 Square Wave Jerks with ContrapulsionRaed Behbehani, MDA patient with history of brain stem stroke 2 months ago (right hemifacial anesthesia , left sided weakness and bulbar symptoms dysphagia) comes complaining of oscillipsia , binocular vertical diplopia). On exam he had a vertical tropia of 3-4 PD (Skew deviation), dissociated nystagmus , and saccadi...Square Wave Jerks; Contrapulsion
18 Oculopalatal TremorRaed Behbehani, MDThis is a usually vertical, pendular nystagmus associated with synchronous rhythmic movement of the palate, developing months after a severe brain stem stroke. The stroke involves the dentato-rubro-olivary tract (Mollaret's triangle). MRI can show hypertrophy of the inferior olivary nucleus in the m...Oculopalatal Tremor
19 Bilateral Acquired Brown's SyndromeRyan D. Walsh, MD; Collin McClelland, MDA 27 year old female with a history of Sjogren's syndrome reported a 2 year history of a vertical binocular diplopia with looking up-and-to-the right. She has also noticed an audible "click" when positioning her eyes in this direction. As depicted in the video, when attempting to look up-and-to-the...Brown's syndrome; Brown syndrome; hypertropia; diplopia; disorder of ocular motility; Sjogren's syndrome
20 Aberrant Regeneration Third NerveGregory P. Van Stavern, MD48 year old woman S/P rupture and repair of right sided posterior communicating artery aneurysm Video shows residual partial right third nerve palsy, with aberrant regeneration, causing a pseudo Von Graefe's sign (elevation of the right upper eyelid with attempted infraduction of the right eye)Aberrant Regeneration Third Nerve; Third Nerve Palsy
21 Superonasal Transconjunctival Optic Nerve Sheath Decompression (stONSD)Kevin E. Lai, MD; Kenneth C. Lao, MD; Peter L. Hildebrand, MD; Bradley K. Farris, MDThis video demonstrates the surgical technique and outcomes of a modified medial transconjunctival approach to optic nerve sheath decompression (ONSD). Disease/Diagnosis: Papilledema; Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH).Superonasal Transconjunctival Optic Nerve Sheath Decompression (ONSD); Surgical Technique
22 Oculocephalic Reflex AnimationSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhD; Quentin RoperAnimation describing the vestibuloocular reflex.Vestibuloocular Reflex; Vestibular Ocular System
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