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1 An Optokinetic Stimulation Home Exercise Program𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: A plainly written program of optokinetic exercise intended for patient use at home. 𝗡𝗲𝘂𝗿𝗼-𝗼𝗽𝗵𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗹𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗡𝗲𝘂𝗿𝗼-𝗼𝘁𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆 ...Text
2 Common Neuro-Ophthalmic Ancillary Tests to Assist in the Diagnosis and Localization of Afferent DisordersChart of the common neuro-ophthalmic ancillary tests to assist in the diagnosis and localization of afferent disorders.Text
3 Expanded Acute Onset Persistent Vision Loss DifferentialText
4 Expanded Nystagmus & Saccadic Intrusions/Oscillations DifferentialExpanded nystagmus & saccadic intrusions/ oscillations differentialText
5 Localization of Ophthalmoplegia𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: A table describing the localization of ophthalmoplegia.Text
6 Maddox Rod and Red Glass Testing𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Describing the basics of strabismus.Text
7 The Most Common Audiovestibular Laboratory Tests, and the Specific Conditions in Which They May Assist in Making or Supporting the DiagnosisVN = vestibular neuritis; VM = vestibular migraine; VP = vestibular paroxysmia; vHIT = video head impulse test; VNG = video-nystagmography; ENG = electronystagmography; VOG = video-oculography; VEMPs = vestibular evoked myogenic potentials; SCDS = superior canal dehiscence syndrome; BPPV = benign pa...Text
8 The Most Common Vestibular Conditions Categorized by Timing and Triggers, with Specific Historical Features that Should be Sought for Each (Adapted from Approach to the Ocular Motor and Vestibular History and Examination)Adapted from https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s64x9bq1Text
9 The Most Common Vestibular Conditions Categorized by Timing and Triggers, with Specific Ocular Motor and Vestibular Features that Should be Sought for EachHINTS+ = Head Impulse, Nystagmus, Test of Skew, ‘Plus' bedside assessment of auditory function; HIT = head impulse test; NP = nerve palsy; BPPV = benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; SCDS = superior canal dehiscence syndrome; BVL = bilateral vestibular loss; PPPD = persistent postural perceptual ...Text
10 Semicircular PathwaysOnce the semicircular canal fibers leave the peripheral labyrinth, they synapse in the ipsilateral vestibular nucleus, and then ascend to the ocular motor nuclei. This enables the vestibulo-ocular reflex to respond to head movements in the plane of any canal or combination of canals.Text
11 Vertical Semicircular Canal PathwaysAnterior Canal Pathway Afferents that originate in the anterior canals (AC) of the peripheral labyrinth first synapse in the ipsilateral vestibular nucleus. Three pathways exist: 1) medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) - right AC afferents to right medial vestibular nucleus (MVN), decussate and asc...Image
12 Caloric Testing𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Caloric testing is a peripheral vestibular test which takes advantage of the fact that the labyrinth is sensitive to temperature changes. Warm stimulation causes excitation of the semicircular canals while cold stimulatio...Image/MovingImage
13 ENG, VNG, & VOG𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Electronystagmography (ENG), and videonystagmography (VNG) or videooculography (VOG) are a collection of tests of eye movements that are performed either using surface electrodes around the eye (ENG) or with video goggles...Text
14 Rotary Chair Testing𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Rotary chair testing includes rotation around a vertical axis, and evaluates the horizontal semicircular canal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). The patient sits in a mechanized chair with the head secured in a neutral posi...Text
15 Vertical Vergence and Fusional AmplitudeEssential information on vertical fusional vergences.Text
16 Video Head Impulse Testing𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: The video head impulse test (vHIT) is a clinical assessment technique used to assess the function of the semicircular canals-the angular acceleration detectors-which initiate the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). The HIT and...Text
17 Approach to the Ocular Motor and Vestibular History and ExaminationHistory and examination of ocular motor and vestibular.Text
18 HINTS 'Plus' Patterns in the Acute Vestibular Syndrome Based on LocationHINTS ‘Plus' patterns in the acute vestibular syndrome based on locationText
19 Atypical PC BPPV Variant FiguresFigure 1: Atypical posterior canal BPPV variants The labyrinth consists of the cochlea (C), two otolithic organs including utricle (U) and saccule (S), and three semicircular canals including anterior canal (AC), horizontal canal (HC), and posterior canal (PC). A. If otoconia are located within the ...Image
20 Summary of the Most Common Audio-Vestibular TestingChart describing common audio-vestibular testing.Text
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