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1 Coley, Phyllis D.Benefits and costs of defense in a neotropical shrubBenefits and costs are central to optimality theories of plant defense. Benefit is the gain in fitness to reducing herbivory and cost is the loss in fitness to committing resources to defense. We evaluate the benefits and costs of defense in a neotropical shrub, Psychotria horizontalis. Plants were ...Cost of defense; Growth-defense trade-off; Exclosures; Field experiment; Herbivory; Panama; Psychotria horizontalis; Rubiaceae; Tannins; Toughness; Tropics1995
2 Seger, Jon; Davidson, Diane W.Biological richness of desertsA desert is "waterless," "treeless," "barren," "remote," "uninteresting," and "presumably uninhabited," according to the authoritative Oxford English Dictionary. The word is derived from deserere, a Latin verb meaning "to leave." In English, to desert is still to "abandon," "forsake," or "fail." Bec...Desert life; Desert biodiversity1995
3 Ehleringer, James R.Carbon isotope discrimination in the C4 shrub Atriplex confertifolia along a salinity gradientCarbon isotope discrimination (∆) was measured for leaves of Atriplex confertifolia along a salinity gradi~ ent in northern Utah. Over this gradient, the variation of ∆ values was high for a C4 species, and the ∆ values were positively correlated with salinity in both years of the study. Of th...Carbon isotope ratio; Salt stress; Bundle sheath leakiness; Halophyte; Atriplex confertifolia; Salinity gradient1995
4 Clayton, Dale H.Comparative effects of mites and lice on the reproductive success of rock doves (Columba livia)We report experimental data comparing the effects of Mesostigmatid mites and Ischnoceran lice on the reproductive performance of a single group of captive rock doves (Columba livid). Several components of host reproductive success were compared for the two groups, including number of eggs laid, hatc...Ectoparasites; Reproduction; Rock doves; Columba livia; Ischnocera; Mites; Lice1995
5 Gesteland, Raymond F.; Krapcho, Karen J.; Talbot, Phil; Thulin, CraigCrystallization of the MS2 translational repressor alone and complexed to bromouridineThe coat protein from the MS2 bacteriophage plays a dual role by encapsidating viral RNA and also by binding RNA as a translational repressor. In order to study the isolated dimer in a conformation not influenced by capsid interactions, a mutant molecule was crystallized that is defective in capsid ...Crystallization; RNA Bacteriophage; RNA Hairpin; Translational Repressor1995
6 Beckerle, Mary C.Cysteine-rich protein family of highly related LIM domain proteinsHere we describe a family of closely related LIM domain proteins in avian cells. The LIM motif defines a zinc-binding domain that is found in a variety of transcriptional regulators, proto-oncogene products, and proteins associated with sites of cell-substratum contact. One type of LIM-domain protei...LIM domains; Chicken embryo fibroblasts; Quail embryo fibroblasts; Cell growth; Cell development; Cysteine-rich proteins1995
7 Sperry, John S.Hydraulic architecture of palmsThe water transport and storage system of palms is adapted to maintain the primary stem xylem functional over the life of the shoot, and in spite of severe drought. However, our structural information far exceeds our knowledge of vascular function, and these functional considerations bring more que...Hydraulic architecture; Rhapis excelsa; Cavitation1995
8 Dale, ColinKinetics of maturation of trypanosome infections in tsetseEstimates of the time delay between the infective bloodmeal and maturation (incubation or maturation time) for 4 trypanosome stocks (2 Trypanozoon and 2 Trypanosoma congolense) show that maturation time in tsetse is not a parasite species-specific constant. The mean incubation time of a Trypanosoma ...1995
9 Olivera, Baldomero M.; McIntosh, J. Michael; Gray, William Robert; Hillyard, David R.New family of conotoxins that block voltage-gated sodium channelsConus peptides, including ω-conotoxins and α-conotoxins (targeting calcium channels and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, respectively) have been useful ligands in neuroscience. In this report, we describe a new family of sodium channel ligands, the μO-conotoxins.Conotoxins; Sodium channel blockers1995
10 Olivera, Baldomero M.; Gray, William RobertNew family of Conus peptides targeted to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptorIn this work, a new family of Conus peptides, the αA-conotoxins, which target the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, is defined. The first members of this family have been characterized from the eastern Pacific species, Conus purpurascens (the purple cone); three peptides that cause paralysis in fis...Conotoxins; Conus peptides; Conus purpurascens; Purple cone snail1995
11 Clayton, Dale H.New genus and three new species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from Peruvian ovenbirds (Passeriformes: Furnariidae)The new genus Furnariphilus is described to include three new species from Peruvian hosts within the passerine family Furnariidae, subfamily Furnariinae: F. pagei, the type species of the genus, from Furnarius leucopus Swainson; F. griffithsi from Sclerurus mexicanus Sclater; and F. parkeri from Scl...Chewing lice; Peruvian ovenbirds; Phthiraptera; Furnariphilus; Ectoparasites; Peru; Furnarius leucopus; Sclerurus mexicanus; Sclerurus caudacutus1995
12 Capecchi, Mario R.Personal view of gene targetingGene targeting provides the means for creating strains of mice with mutations in virtually any gene.1 First, the desired mutation is introduced into a cloned copy of the chosen gene by standard recombinant DNA technology. The mutation is then transferred to the genome of a pluripotent mouse embryo-d...1995
13 Adler, Frederick R.Stumped by trees? A generalized null model for patterns of organismal diversityEvolutionary biologists increasingly have become interested in the factors determining the structure of phylogenetic trees. For example, highly asymmetric trees seem to suggest that the probability of extinction and/or speciation differs among lineages.Evolutionary diversification; phylogenetic topologies; speciation1995
14 Bohs, Lynn A.Transfer of Cyphomandra (Solanaceae) and its species to SolanumData from recent molecular studies demonstrate that the genus Cyphomandra is nested within Solanum. Recognition of Cyphomandra as a separate genus therefore is not tenable unless Solanum is broken up into smaller monophyletic units. All Cyphomandra species are transferred to Solanum, necessitating t...Cyphomandra; Solanum1995
15 Coley, Phyllis D.What's up? Perspectives from the first international forest canopy conference at Sarasota, Florida, 1994Jumars, caribineers, pole pruners, tree bicycles, Bosun's chairs, booms, peconhas . . . these terms are not listed in most biological dictionaries. Nor are construction cranes or large treehouses or hot-air dirigibles listed as priority equipment for any scientific laboratories. But these are th...1995
16 Capecchi, Mario R.Introduction: the molecular genetic analysis of mouse developmentThis paper is an introduction of seven different papers presented in "Seminars in developmental biology" on Molecular Genetic Analysis of Mouse Development . The first paper, by Janet Rossant, describes very early mouse development. The second paper, by Frank Conlon and Rosa Beddington provide an i...Embryo Culture Techniques; Genes1995-04
17 Eichwald, Ernst; Capecchi, Mario R.; Thomas, Kirk R.Mouse model for the delta F508 allele of cystic fibrosisThe most common cause of cystic fibrosis is a mutation that deletes phenylalanine 508 in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The delta F508 protein is misprocessed and degraded rather than traveling to the apical membrane. We used a novel strategy to introduce the delta F508 ...Digestive System; Disease Models, Animal; Electrolytes; Mice, Inbred C57BL1995-10
18 Capecchi, Mario R.Genetic interaction between hoxb-5 and hoxb-6 is revealed by nonallelic noncomplementation.hoxb-5 and hoxb-6 are adjacent genes in the mouse HoxB locus and are members of the homeotic transcription factor complex that governs establishment of the mammalian body plan. To determine the roles of these genes during development, we generated mice with a targeted disruption in each gene. Three ...Alleles; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; Cervical Vertebrae; DNA-Binding Proteins; Forelimb; Genetic Complementation Test1995-01-01
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