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Creator | Title | Description | Subject | Date |
| 1 |
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Ehleringer, James R. | Tracing changes in ecosystem function under elevated carbon dioxide conditions | Responses of ecosystems to elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) remain a critical uncertainty in global change research. Two key unknown factors are the fate of carbon newly incorporated by photosynthesis into various pools within the ecosystem and the extent to which elevated CO2 is... | Elevated carbon dioxide; Stable isotopes; Radiocarbon; Global change; Terrestrial ecosystems | 2003 |
| 2 |
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Linton, Matthew J. | Magnitude and mechanisms of disequilibrium between predawn plant and soil water potentials | Predawn plant water potential (Uw, measured with leaf psychrometers) and surrogate measurements made with the pressure chamber (termed Upc here) are used to infer comparative ecological performance, based on the expectation that these plant potentials reflect the wettest soil Uw accessed by roots. T... | Roots; Transpiration; Solutes | 2003 |
| 3 |
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Adler, Frederick R. | How virulent should a parasite be to its vector? | Vector-borne parasites are commonly predicted to be less virulent to the vector than to the definitive host as the parasite gains little by harming its main route of transmission. Here we assess the empirical evidence from systems in which insects are vectors for vertebrate, plant, and invertebrate ... | Parasite virulence; Hosts; Vector-borne parasite | 2003 |
| 4 |
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Sperry, John S. | Xylem hydraulics and the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum: opportunities and unresolved issues | Received for publication July 23, 2002. Soil and xylem are similar hydraulically. An unsaturated conductivity curve for soil is called a vulnerability curve for xylem?but the underlying physical basis is the same. Thus, any transport model that treats unsaturated soil conductivity would benefit by a... | Soil?plant?atmosphere continuum; Water potential | 2003 |
| 5 |
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Capecchi, Mario R. | Mice lacking endothelial ACE: normal blood pressure with elevated angiotensin II | Recently, the concept of local renin-angiotensin systems (RAS) capable of generating angiotensin II apart from the circulation has received considerable attention. To investigate this, we generated ACE 1/3 mice in which one allele of ACE is null and the second allele was engineered to express ACE o... | | 2003 |
| 6 |
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Beckerle, Mary C.; Hoffman, Laura M. | Targeted disruption of the murine zyxin gene | Zyxin is an evolutionarily conserved protein that is concentrated at sites of cell adhesion, where it associates with members of the Enabled (Ena)/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) family of cytoskeletal regulators and is postulated to play a role in cytoskeletal dynamics and signaling. | Zyxin | 2003 |
| 7 |
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Sperry, John S. | Evolution of water transport and xylem structure | Land plants need water to replace the evaporation that occurs while atmospheric CO2 is diffusing into photosynthetic tissue. The water-for-carbon exchange rate is poor, and evolutionary history indicates a progression of innovations for cheap water transport--beginning in order with capillary sucti... | Cavitation; Vessels; Plants | 2003 |
| 8 |
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Farmer, Colleen G. | Reproduction: the adaptive significance of endothermy | A central theme raised by Angilletta and Sears is that the energetic cost of endothermy is too enormous to be offset by the benefits that thermogenesis could provide for reproduction. Angilletta and Sears suggest that parents would have been better off producing additional offspring with the energy ... | Parental care; Incubation; Metabolism | 2003 |
| 9 |
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Clayton, Dale H. | Biology, ecology, and evolution of chewing lice | Chewing lice are small, dorsoventrally compressed insects and are parasites of virtually all birds (Fig. 1) and some mammals (Fig. 2). Many chewing lice are host specific, being found on only a single species of host. All chewing lice are permanent ectoparasites and complete their entire life c... | Chewing lice | 2003 |
| 10 |
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Ehleringer, James R.; Cerling, Thure E.; Dearing, Maria-Denise | Experimental study of carbon-isotope fractionation between diet, hair, and feces of mammalian herbivores | The carbon-isotope composition of hair and feces offers a glimpse into the diets of mammalian herbivores. It is particularly useful for determining the relative consumption of browse and graze in tropical environments, as these foods have strongly divergent carbon-isotope compositions. Fecal ?13C v... | Fractionation; Mammalian herbivores; Medicago sativa; Cynodon dactylon | 2003 |
| 11 |
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Goller, Franz | Experimental support for a model of birdsong production | In this work we present an experimental validation of a recently proposed model for the production of birdsongs. We have previously observed that driving the model with simple functions of time, which represent tensions in vocal muscles, produces a wide variety of sounds resembling birdsongs. In th... | Vocal; Muscles; Syrinx | 2003 |
| 12 |
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Coley, Phyllis D.; Kursar, Thomas A. | Using ecological criteria to design plant collection strategies for drug discovery | Tropical forests are one of the most diverse and endangered habitats on earth. They have also been portrayed as a source of future pharmaceuticals, yet finding useful compounds can be both scientifically and politically challenging. Increasingly, over the past decade, the potential value of medicina... | Drug discovery; Biodiversity | 2003 |
| 13 |
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Olivera, Baldomero M.; McIntosh, J. Michael | Solution structure of αA-conotoxin EIVA, a potent neuromuscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist from Conus ermineus | We report the solution three-dimensional structure of an αA-conotoxin EIVA determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics. The αA-conotoxin EIVA consists of 30 amino acids representing the largest peptide among the α/αAfamily conotoxins discovered so f... | Conotoxins; A-conotoxin EIVA; Conus ermineus | 2003 |
| 14 |
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Clayton, Dale H. | Ecological basis of coevolutionary history | Macroevolutionary patterns are difficult to interpret because they are the product of a time scale so vast that deterministic and chance events are hard to distinguish. Although the macroevolutionary history of a group can be reconstructed from extant species, determining the ecological context in ... | | 2003 |
| 15 |
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Olivera, Baldomero M. | Novel Conus peptide ligand for K+ channels | Voltage-gated ion channels determine the membrane excitability of cells. Although many Conus peptides that interact with voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels have been characterized, relatively few have been identified that interact with K+ channels. We describe a novel Conus peptide that intera... | Conus peptides; Conotoxins | 2003 |
| 16 |
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Clayton, Dale H. | Coevolutionary history of ecological replicates: comparing phylogenies of wing and body lice to Columbiform hosts | Phylogenies depict the history of speciation for groups of organisms. Comparing the phylogenies of interacting groups can reveal instances of tandem speciation, or "cospeciation" (Brooks and McLennan, 1991; Hoberg et al., 1997; Paterson and Gray, 1997). Understanding the conditions under which cosp... | Feather lice; Wing lice; Body lice; Cospeciation | 2003 |
| 17 |
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Adler, Frederick R. | Optimization, conflict, and nonoverlapping foraging ranges in ants | An organism's foraging range depends on the behavior of neighbors, the dynamics of resources, and the availability of information. We use a well-studied population of the red harvester ant Pogonomyrmex barbatus to develop and independently parameterize models that include these three factors. The mo... | Colony; Space; Model | 2003 |
| 18 |
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Potts, Wayne K.; Granger, Donald Lee | Major histocompatibility complex-dependent susceptibility to Cryptococcus neoformans in mice | To evaluate the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in the resistance to Cryptococcus neoformans, we conducted infection experiments in MHC-congenic strains of mice. Significant MHC-dependent susceptibility differences were found among homozygotes and heterozygotes. This study is th... | MHC-congenic; Host resistance; Infection | 2003 |
| 19 |
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Clayton, Dale H. | Experimental test of the importance of preen oil in Rock Doves (Columba livia) | Most species of birds have a uropygial gland, also known as a preen gland, which produces oil that birds spread through their plumage when preening. The plumage of waterfowl deprived of uropygial oil becomes brittle and is subject to breakage. | Columba livia; Columbiformes; Preen oil; Ectoparasites; Columbicola columbae; Campanulotes compare; Plumage | 2003 |
| 20 |
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Olivera, Baldomero M.; Yoshikami, Doju; Bulaj, Grzegorz | Structural basis for tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel binding by μ-conotoxin SmIIIA | SmIIIA is a new μ-conotoxin isolated recently from Conus stercusmuscarum. Although it shares several biochemical characteristics with other μ-conotoxins (the arrangement of cysteine residues and a conserved arginine believed to interact with residues near the channel pore), it has several distin... | Conotoxins; Conotoxin SmIIIA; Tetrodotoxin | 2003 |
| 21 |
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Clayton, Dale H. | Review of the genus Saemundssonia Timmerman (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from the Alcidae (Aves: Charadriiformes), including a new species and new host records | We describe the new species Saemundssonia boschi recently collected from Least Auklets {Aethia pusilla (Pallas)) in Alaska and review the 11 names previously applied to Saemundssonia Timmermann species from alcids. Saemundssonia procax (Kellogg and Chapman) is relegated to a new junior synonym of S... | Saemundssonia; Chewing lice; Saemundssonia boschi; Aethia pusilla; Phthiraptera | 2003 |
| 22 |
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Sperry, John S. | Cavitation fatigue - the weakening of cavitation resistance of xylem and its reversibility | Xylem function is essential for the growth and survival of higher land plants. Xylem must not only be efficient under favorable conditions to facilitate high rates of stomatal conductance and carbon uptake, but it should also remain functional under drought conditions, when water potential (Ψ) dro... | Cavitation fatigue; Drought; Pit membrane | 2003 |
| 23 |
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Adler, Frederick R. | Optimal tempo and defence for consumers of multiple resources | Ecological models of behaviour are typically based on the assumption that decisions can be evaluated with a single resource currency. Here we present models that predict the tactics of consumers collecting two nutritionally distinct resources: fuel that is used for activity and food used for growth ... | Defence; Optimal foraging; Provisioning | 2003 |
| 24 |
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Ehleringer, James R. | Population- and family-level variation of brittlebush (Encelia farinosa, Asteraceae) pubescence: its relation to drought and implications for selection in variable environments | Because leaf pubescence of the desert shrub Encelia farinosa increases in response to drought and influences photosynthesis and transpiration, we hypothesized that differences in water availability across the range of this species may result in genetic differentiation for pubescence and associated p... | Encelia farinose; Absorptance; Adaptation; Asteraceae; Desert; Drought acclimation; Leaf pubescence; maternal family variance; spatiotemporal heterogeneity | 2003 |
| 25 |
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Goller, Franz | White-crowned sparrows tutored with syllable pairs can produce full songs | During their 'sensitive period', young songbirds develop an 'acquired template', representing a memory of the song(s) that it hears. Later, during the sensorimotor phase, birds use this template to evaluate, via auditory feedback, their vocalizations. | Acquired template; Sensorimotor period; Temporal isolation | 2003 |
