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Filters: Date: "1999" Department: "Biology" Collection: "ir_uspace"
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1 Seger, Jon1998 Sewall Wright Award: William Donald HamiltonThe Sewall Wright Award was established in 1991 to honor active investigators who have contributed in especially significant ways to the conceptual unification of the biological sciences. This year's recipient is William D. Hamilton of Oxford University. Beginning in the 1960s with his papers on the...Evolution; Biological; Research1999
2 Adler, Frederick R.Balance of terror: an alternative mechanism for competitive trade-offs and its implications for invading speciesThis article uses models to propose an explanation for three observations in community ecology: the apparent overreaction of prey to attack by specialist predators, the existence of a common trade-off among components of competitive ability in communities of unrelated competitors, and the ability of...Models; Curve; Native1999
3 Olivera, Baldomero M.Block of Shaker K+ channels by ĸ-conotoxin PVIIA is state dependentĸ-conotoxin PVIIA is the first conotoxin known to interact with voltage-gated potassium channels by inhibiting Shaker-mediated currents. We studied the mechanism of inhibition and concluded that PVIIA blocks the ion pore with a 1:1 stoichiometry and that binding to open or closed channels is very d...Conotoxins; k-conotoxin PVIIA; Potassium channel blockers; Shaker K+ channels1999
4 Jorgensen, ErikCaenorhabditis elegans gene unc-25 encodes glutamic acid decarboxylase and is required for synaptic transmission but not synaptic developmentThe neurotransmitter GABA has been proposed to play a role during nervous system development. We show that the Caenorhabditis elegans gene unc-25 encodes glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the GABA biosynthetic enzyme. unc-25 is expressed specifically in GABAergic neurons. Null mutations in unc-25...1999
5 Jorgensen, ErikCaenorhabditis elegans unc-49 locus encodes multiple subunits of a heteromultimeric GABA receptorIonotropic GABA receptors generally require the products of three subunit genes. By contrast, the GABA receptor needed for locomotion in Caenorhabditis elegans requires only the unc-49 gene. We cloned unc-49 and demonstrated that it possesses an unusual overlapping gene structure.1999
6 Beckerle, Mary C.; Clark, Kathleen A.Conserved LIM protein that affects muscular adherens junction integrity and mechanosensory function in Caenorhabditis elegansWe describe here the molecular and functional characterization of the Caenorhabditis elegans unc-97 gene, whose gene product constitutes a novel component of muscular adherens junctions. UNC-97 and homologues from several other species define the PINCH family, a family of LIM proteins whose modula...LIM domains; Caenorhabditis elegans; UNC-97; Adherens junction; Touch neuron; Muscle development1999
7 Goller, FranzContributions of expiratory muscles to song production in zebra finchesBirdsong production requires coordinated activity of syringeal and respiratory muscles, Phonation occurs during the expiratory phase of the respiratory cycle, and expiratory muscles generate the pressure head for sound production.Phonation; Syringeal muscles; Air sac pressure1999
8 Adler, Frederick R.Departure time versus departure rate: how to forage optimally when you are stupidForagers unable to leave a patch at the optimal moment must act as constrained foragers. Extending the results of Houston and McNamara (1985), we compare a blundering forager that leaves patches at a constant rate with an unconstrained optimal forager that leaves patches at the optimal time.Blundering Foragers; Foraging; Marginal Value Theorem1999
9 Ehleringer, James R.Ecosystem physiology responses to global changeMost ecosystems exposed to double ambient C02 show higher peak season net carbon uptake than those growing at current-ambient C02. For grasslands, above-ground biomass increased by an average of 14%, although individual responses for a given system and year range from negative to +85%. The wide ran...Global change ; Ecosystem physiology; Carbon budget; Temperature; Water availability; Nitrogen deposition; Ozone1999
10 Adler, Frederick R.Evolution of forager responses to inducible defensesMost theoretical and empirical investigations of inducible defenses have focused on identifying conditions that favor the evolution of inducibility by the prey species. These analyses outline the essential consequences of frequency-dependent benefits of deploying the defense, degrees of predictabili...Predation; Cues; Phenotypes1999
11 Potts, Wayne K.Evolution of mating preferences and major histocompatibility complex genesHouse mice prefer mates genetically dissimilar at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The highly polymorphic MHC genes control immunological self/nonself recognition; therefore, this mating preference may function to provide "good genes" for an individual's offspring. However, the evidence ...Inbreeding; Parasites; Recognition1999
12 Clayton, Dale H.Feather-busting bacteriaI ONCE HAD A COLLEAGUE who delighted in the aphorism, which he proudly coined himself, "If it's too small to see with the naked eye, it ain't there." Sadly, this view may as well be true for ornithologists who study birds only through unaided eyes, binoculars, or spotting scopes. But birds can also ...Columba livia; Columbiformes; Ectoparasites; Bacteria; Plumage1999
13 Beckerle, Mary C.LIM domain-containing protein Trip6 can act as a coactivator for the v-Rel transcription factorThe retroviral oncoprotein v-Rel is a transcriptional activator in the Rel/NF-KB family of eukaryotic transcription factors. v-Rel malignantly transforms a variety of cell types in vitro and in vivo, and its transforming activity is dependent on the ability of v-Rel to bind to DNA and activate trans...LIM domains; Oncoproteins; v-Rel; Retroviral oncogene; Trip6; Coactivator; Malignant transformation; NF-kB; Two-hybrid assay1999
14 Beckerle, Mary C.Molecular dissection of zyxin function reveals its involvement in cell motilitySpatially controlled actin filament assembly is critical for numerous processes, including the vectorial cell migration required for wound healing, cell-mediated immunity, and embryogenesis. One protein implicated in the regulation of actin assembly is zyxin, a protein concentrated at sites where t...Zyxin; Actinin; Ena/VASP1999
15 Beckerle, Mary C.Muscle LIM proteins are associated with muscle sarcomeres and require dMEF2 for their expression during Drosophila myogenesisA genetic hierarchy of interactions, involving myogenic regulatory factors of the MyoD and myocyte enhancer-binding 2 (MEF2) families, serves to elaborate and maintain the differentiated muscle phenotype through transcriptional regulation of muscle-specific target genes.LIM domains; Cysteine-rich proteins1999
16 Bohs, Lynn A.Phylogeny and provisional classification of the Solanaceae based on chloroplast DNAA phylogenetic analysis of the Solanaceae based on chloroplast DNA variation is presented. Restriction site maps were determined for 79 species (52 genera) for 11 restriction enzymes.rbcL; ndhF; Chloroplast DNA1999
17 Beckerle, Mary C.Purification and characterization of an α-actinin-binding PDZ-LIM protein that is up-regulated during muscle differentiationα-Actinin is required for the organization and function of the contractile machinery of muscle. In order to understand more precisely the molecular mechanisms by which α-actinin might contribute to the formation and maintenance of the contractile apparatus within muscle cells, we performed a scree...LIM domains; Z-disc; Actin; Actinin-associated LIM proteins; PDZ-LIM protein1999
18 Clayton, Dale H.Reciprocal natural selection on host-parasite phenotypesCoevolution is evolution in one species in response to selection imposed by a second species, followed by evolution in the second species in response to reciprocal selection imposed by the first species. Although reciprocal selection is a prerequisite of coevolution, it has seldom been documented in...Host-parasite phenotypes; Ectoparasites; Virulence; Fitness1999
19 Sperry, John S.Relationship between xylem conduit diameter and cavitation caused by freezingThe centrifuge method for measuring the resistance of xylem to cavitation by water stress was modified to also account for any additional cavitation that might occur from a freeze-thaw cycle. A strong correlation was found between cavitation by freezing and mean conduit diameter.Embolism; freezing stress; hydraulic conductivity1999
20 Bohs, Lynn A.Solanum phylogeny inferred from chloroplast DNA sequence dataA data set derived from gene sequences of ndhF is used to deduce phylogenetic relationships among the subgenera of Solanum, among related genera of the tribe Solaneae, and within selected Solanum clades. Complete ndhF sequences were obtained for 12 species o f Solanum, representing five of the seve...Solanum; Capsicum; Cyphomandra; Lycopersicon; Datura; Jaltomata; Nicotiana; Physalis; ndhF; Chloroplast DNA1999
21 Ehleringer, James R.Study of ecosystems in the context of global changeGlobal change research requires not only knowledge of how individual species (e.g. pests) respond to climate and land-use change, but also an understanding of the responses of whole systems to their multiple and interacting drivers. An upscaling from single systems to landscapes and continents is an...Ecosystems; Global change1999
22 Clayton, Dale H.Swiftlets on islands: genetics and phylogeny of the Seychelles and Mascarene swiftletsPopulations on islands are isolated from mainland populations and are thus expected to diverge and speciate from mainland relatives. We investigated die phylogenetic position and taxonomic rank of the Seychelles and Mascarene swiftlets using nuclear (fibrinogen intron 7) and mitochondrial (cytochr...Aerodramus Francicus; Aerodramus elaphrus; Collocalia; Apodidae; Cytochrome b; Fibrinogen intron 7; Echolocation; Seychelles; Mascarene Islands1999
23 Olivera, Baldomero M.T-superfamily of conotoxinsWe report the discovery and initial characterization of the T-superfamily of conotoxins. Eight different T-superfamily peptides from five Conus species were identified; they share a consensus signal sequence, and a conserved arrangement of cysteine residues (- -CC- -CC-). T-superfamily peptides...Conotoxins; T-superfamily1999
24 Jorgensen, ErikUNC-11, a Caenorhabditis elegans AP180 homologue, regulates the size and protein composition of synaptic vesiclesThe unc-11 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans encodes multiple isoforms of a protein homologous to the mammalian brain-specific clathrin-adaptor protein AP180. The UNC-11 protein is expressed at high levels in the nervous system and at lower levels in other tissues. In neurons, UNC-11 is enriched at pr...Caenorhabditis elegans; Synaptic vesicles; unc-11; Synaptobrevin; Endocytosis1999
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