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Creator | Title | Description | Subject | Date |
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Coley, Phyllis D.; Kursar, Thomas A. | Effects of weather on fungal abundance and richness among 25 communities in the Intermountain West | Because moisture and temperature influence the growth of fungi, characterizing weather conditions favorable for fungi may be used to predict the abundance and richness of fungi in habitats with different climate conditions. To estimate habitat favorability to fungi, we examined the relationship of f... | Intermountain West; Utah; Microclimate; Fungal prevalence | 2002 |
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Ehleringer, James R. | Evaluación de la capacidad estacional de utilizar eventos de preciptación en tres especies de arbustos nativos de Chile con distintos sistemas radiculares | Se evaluó la capacidad estacional de utilizar un evento de precipitación en tres especies arbustivas con diferentes sistemas radiculares (dimórficos: Balbisia peduncularis, Senna cumingii; profundo: Haplopappus parvifolius) en la Quebrada El Romeral, norte-centro de Chile. El sitio posee un clima... | Fuentes de agua; Proporción de isótopos estables; Sistema radicular; Desertificación; Zonas áridas; Chile; Water sources; Stable isotopes ratio; Root system; Arid zone; Balbisia peduncularis; Senna cummingii; Haplopappus parvifolius | 2002 |
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Carrier, David R. | Functional tradeoffs in specialization for fighting versus running | Both locomotion and fighting are critical to survival and reproductive fitness in many vertebrate species. Yet, characters that make an individual good at fighting may, in many cases, limit locomotor performance and vice versa. Here I describe tests of three functional tradeoffs in the limb muscles ... | Greyhounds; Pit Bulls; Australopithecus; Homo; Fighting; Running; Male-male aggression; Limb muscles; Functional tradeoff | 2002 |
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Clayton, Dale H. | Influence of bill shape on ectoparasite load in Western Scrub-Jays | Populations of the Western Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma californica) have bills specialized for feeding in their respective habitats. Populations in oak habitat have hooked bills, whereas those in pinyon habitat have pointed bills with a reduced maxillary overhang. Work on other bird species shows that the... | Ectoparasite load; Bill shape; Aphelocoma californica | 2002 |
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Ehleringer, James R. | Interspecific competition and resource pulse utilization in a cold desert community | In desert ecosystems a large proportion of water and nitrogen is supplied in rain-induced pulses. It has been suggested that competitive interactions among desert plants would be most intense during these pulse periods of high resource availability. We tested this hypothesis with three cold desert s... | Atriplex confertifolia; Chrysothamnus nauseosus; Colorado Plateau; desert; Gutierrezia sarothrae; Neighbor removal; Plant competition; Resource pulses; Pulse utilization; Stable isotopes; Water uptake | 2002 |
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Beckerle, Mary C. | Members of the zyxin family of LIM proteins interact with members of the p130cas family of signal transducers | Integrin binding to extracellular matrix proteins induces formation of signaling complexes at focal adhesions. Zyxin co-localizes with integrins at sites of cellsubstratum adhesion and is postulated to serve as a docking site for the assembly of multimeric protein complexes involved in regulating ce... | Zyxin; Actin; LIM domains; Trip6; Focal adhesions | 2002 |
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Capecchi, Mario R. | Mice lacking endothelial angiotensin-converting enzyme have a normal blood pressure | To test the hypothesis that local vascular production of angiotensin II is necessary for the normal regulation of blood pressure, we engineered a new line of genetically altered mice that lack endothelial angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). This was accomplished using a novel strategy of targeted... | | 2002 |
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Seger, Jon | Models of sex ratio evolution | Our understanding of sex ratio evolution depends strongly on models that identify: (1) constraints on the production of male and female offspring, and (2) fitness consequences entailed by the production of different attainable brood sex ratios. Verbal and mathematical arguments by, among others, D... | Fitness; Species; Sex-allocation | 2002 |
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| National Medals of Science and Technology Awards (2001) Ceremony and Banquet, held June 13, 2002 | This 51 minutes, 5 seconds video is divided into two parts: the first part is a film introducing the award winners and their achievements; the second is the presentation of the actual awards by George W. Bush, President of the United States. Medal winners were: Mario R. Capecchi for his pioneering... | Molecular genetics; Gene targeting; Transgenic mice; Gene expression; Genetic engineering; Capecchi, Mario R.; Science - Awards - United States; Awards presentations | 2002 |
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Goller, Franz | Respiratory motor correlates of song plasticity in young adult zebra finches | Young adult zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata, 90150 phd) sing a stereotyped song, but can show rapid changes in song structure if sensory feedback is disrupted. The vocal motor correlates accompanying induced song plasticity have not yet been examined. To investigate motor changes underlying song ... | Pattern; Muting; Sound | 2002 |
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Adler, Frederick R.; Liou, Theodore G.; Cahill, Barbara C. | Selection of patients with cystic fibrosis for lung transplantation | Lung transplantation is the most aggressive therapy available for end-stage lung disease from cystic fibrosis (CF). A new predictive survival model of CF uses demographic, FEV1, nutritional, microbiologic, and acute exacerbation data to produce precise estimates of 5-year survival. | Predicted survival; Living donor; Mechanical ventilation | 2002 |
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Sperry, John S. | Shoot dieback during prolonged drought in Ceanothus (Rhamnaceae) chaparral of California: a possible case of hydraulic failure | Progressive diebacks of outer canopy branchlets of Ceanothus crassifolius were repeatedly observed after rainless periods up to 9 mo in duration in the Santa Monica Mountains of southern California. Mean xylem pressures of branchlets near the end of drought were as low as -11.2 MPa (N = 22) with a m... | Water relations; xylem cavitation; water-stress-induced loss | 2002 |
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Seger, Jon | Solitary wasps: behavior and natural history by Kevin M. O'Neill | Most species of living things are insects, and ter- restrial ecology consists largely of interactions between insects and plants. The biologies of major insect groups such as Hymenoptera should be well documented and well known. Amazingly, they are not. The world is awash in excellent reviews of cur... | Insects; Ecological | 2002 |
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Olivera, Baldomero M.; Bulaj, Grzegorz | Structure of a novel P-superfamily spasmodic conotoxin reveals an inhibitory cystine knot motif | Conotoxin gm9a, a putative 27-residue polypeptide encoded by Conus gloriamaris, was recently identified as a homologue of the "spasmodic peptide", tx9a, isolated from the venom of the mollusk-hunting cone shell Conus textile (Lirazan, M. B., Hooper, D., Corpuz, G. P., Ramilo, C. A., Bandyopadhyay... | Conotoxins; P-superfamily spasmodic conotoxin; Cystine knot motif | 2002 |
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Adler, Frederick R. | Super- and coinfection: filling the range | How many different strains of a disease can coexist in a single population of hosts? What effect do different mechanisms of coexistence have on the properties of diseases? The principle of competitive exclusion (Armstrong and McGehee 1980; Levin 1970) states that no more species can coexist in a sys... | Superinfection; Virulence; Coexistence | 2002 |
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Olivera, Baldomero M. | Targeted mutagenesis by homologous recombination in D. melanogaster | We used a recently developed method to produce mutant alleles of five endogenous Drosophila genes, including the homolog of the p53 tumor suppressor. Transgenic expression of the FLP site-specific recombinase and the I-SceI endonuclease generates extrachromosomal linear DNA molecules in vivo. Thes... | | 2002 |
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Bastiani, Michael; Bandyopadhyay, Pradip K.; Olivera, Baldomero M.; Golic, Kent G. | Targeted mutagenesis by homologous recombination in D. melanogaster | We used a recently developed method to produce mutant alleles of five endogenous Drosophila genes, including the homolog of the p53 tumor suppressor. Transgenic expression of the FLP site-specific recombinase and the I-SceI endonuclease generates extrachromosomal linear DNA molecules in vivo. | Mutations; Drosophila; Gene targeting | 2002 |
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Coley, Phyllis D. | Tritrophic interactions in tropical versus temperate communities | The latitudinal gradient in diversity is one of the oldest (e.g., Wallace, 1878) and most obvious trends in ecology, and a wealth of literature is devoted to understanding both the causes and consequences of this gradient (Dobzhansky, 1950; also reviewed by Rohde, 1992). Given the enormous latitudi... | Tritrophic interactions; Trophic cascades; Herbivory; Tropical communities; Temperate communities | 2002 |
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Olivera, Baldomero M. | Venomous gastropods: Conus, conoideans and other neogastropod families | A review of the present understanding of the mechanism of envenomation by cones is presented. The expanding applications of cone snail venom components in biomedical science are the degree to which the envenomation strategy may be shared by other venomous gastropod groups is explored based on a prel... | Venomous gastropods; Conoideans; Conotoxins; Envenomation; Toxoglossa | 2002 |
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Adler, Frederick R. | Virulence management in biocontrol agents | Although biological control is founded upon the virulence of natural enemies to the targeted pests, there has been little effort to understand how this might change, let alone to manage it. Frank Fenner and colleagues can be credited with being the first (and last!) to monitor changes in virulence ... | Pathogens; Management; Natural | 2002 |
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Olivera, Baldomero M.; McIntosh, J. Michael; Yoshikami, Doju | α-Conotoxin GIC from Conus geographus, a novel peptide antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors | Many venomous organisms produce toxins that disrupt neuromuscular communication to paralyze their prey. One common class of such toxins comprises nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists (nAChRs). Thus, most toxins that act on nAChRs are targeted to the neuromuscular subtype. The toxin chara... | Conotoxins; Conotoxin GIC; Conus geographus; Peptide antagonists | 2002 |