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1 Johnston, Susan S.20 ways to maximize the use of single switch technology with students with severe disabilitesStudents with severe physical and/or cognitive disabilities may find it very difficult to engage in activities in their environment. Single switch technology can provide the means for adapting activities to meet student's diverse needs (Brett, 1995). Single switches can be used as tools for promoti...Single switch; Severe disabilities; Assistive technology; Disabled students2006
2 Johnston, Susan S.Beginning augmentative communication systemsTo be unable to produce communicative behavior that can be understood by others represents one of the most frustrating experiences imaginable. Communicating through a communication board or with gestures lessens this frustration but does not eliminate it. Since 1975, remarkable advances have been ma...Intervention; Challenging behavior; Symbols1992
3 Johnston, Susan S.Considering response efficiency as a strategy to prevent assistive technology abandonmentOften, specialists in the field of Assistive Technology (AT) are presented with the challenge of teaching learners to utilize AT in order to increase, maintain, or improve their capabilities. Despite best efforts, rates of AT abandonment are alarmingly high. Understanding the factors that may infl...Assistive technology; Training; Disabled people2005
4 Johnston, Susan S.Coordinating preservice and in-service training of early interventionists to serve preschoolers who engage in challenging behaviorThis chapter focuses on the need to coordinate and improve preservice and in-service training (including technical assistance) for professionals who serve individuals and family members who live or work with young children who engage in challenging behavior. Positive behavioral support: includin...Behavior problems; Proactive strategies; Intervention strategies1996
5 Johnston, Susan S.Developing an initial communicative repertoire: applications and issues for persons with severe disabilitiesResearchers and practitioners are increasingly aware of the extent of communicative relationships very early in development. Advances in understanding how communication develops and how it can be taught have made earlier communication intervention a viable undertaking for infants and toddlers who ex...Intervention; Context; Communicative functions1993
6 Johnston, Susan S.Making the most of single-switch technology: a primerA stroll through any local toy store reveals that children without disabilities embark on their foray into the use of single switch technology when they are very young. A wide variety of commercially available toys are activated by single switches. For example, PLAYSKOOL's Talking Mr. Potato Head is...Toys; Single switch; Assistive technology; Children; Disabilities2003
7 Hawken, Leanne Sue; Burrow-Sanchez, JasonPreservice special education service providers' attitudes on diversityThis survey design study involved preservice special education service providers who were in degree seeking programs in the departments of special education, physical therapy, and occupational therapy. Participants provided views and belief structures on diversity issues identified through a review ...2007
8 Hawken, Leanne SuePreventing problem behavior : implementing a school-wide system of behavior supportThis edition of the Utah Special Educator focuses on what works for schools. Almost a decade of research has provided evidence for the best method of preventing problem behavior in schools-implementing a school-wide system of behavior support.2003
9 Johnston, Susan S.; Hawken, Leanne SuePreventing severe problem behavior in young children: the behavior education programBest practice in preventing severe problem behavior in schools involves implementing a continuum of effective behavior support. This continuum includes primary prevention strategies implemented with all students, secondary prevention strategies for students at-risk, and tertiary interventions for st...Behavioral Problems; Prevention; Intervention2007
10 Johnston, Susan S.Replacing challenging behavior: the role of communication interventionIT IS WIDELY accepted that all individuals communicate (National Joint Committee, 1992). Along with this acceptance, however, comes the acknowledgment that specific communication strategies emitted by learners may vary extensively. Although conventional forms of communication, including spoken lan...1993
11 Hawken, Leanne SueSchoolwide behavior support: creating urban schools that accommodate diverse learnersToday's educators face a growing challenge to meet both the instructional and behavioral needs of all students (Kame'enui & Carnine, 1998; Martella, Nelson, & Marchand-Martella, 2003; Sugai, Kame'enui, Horner, & Simmons, 2002). The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 has called for educational practi...2003
12 Hawken, Leanne SueUsing DIBELS to improve reading outcomesStudents' reading trajectories (i.e., their general pattern of reading progress) are established early and are relatively stable over time. For example, students who are poor readers in first grade are likely (i.e., 88%) to be poor readers in fourth-grade. Prevention is key to improving reading out...2004
13 Hawken, Leanne SueWhat's helpful in secondary schools: behavior programs for older studentsAlmost a decade of research has identified the most effective approach to addressing issues of behavior before they become a problem: schoolwide positive behavior support (SW-PBS).2005
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