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Creator | Title | Description | Subject | Date |
| 1 |
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Normann, Richard A.; Jones, Kelly E. | Advanced demultiplexing system for physiological stimulation | A CMOS very large scale integration (VLSI) chip has been designed and built to implement a scheme developed for multiplexing/demultiplexing the signals required to operate an intracortical stimulating electrode array. Because the use of radio telemetry in a proposed system utilizing this chip may im... | Electrode Array; Stimulation; Telemetry; Microelectrodes; Transistors | 1997 |
| 2 |
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Normann, Richard A.; Shoham, Shy | Coding of position by simultaneously recorded sensory neurones in the cat dorsal root ganglion | Muscle, cutaneous and joint afferents continuously signal information about the position and movement of individual joints. How does the nervous system extract more global information, for example about the position of the foot in space? To study this question we used microelectrode arrays to record... | Cats; Sensory Neurones; Movement; Limb Position | 2004 |
| 3 |
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Normann, Richard A. | Control of retinal sensitivity. I. Light and dark adaptation of vertebrate rods and cones | Rods and cones in Necturus respond with graded hyperpolarization to test flashes spanning about 3.5 log units of intensity. Steady background levels hyperpolarize the rods, and the rod responses become progressively smaller as background level is increased. In cones, higher background levels reduce... | Retina;Light and Dark Adaptation; Recepters; Bipolars; Ganglion Cells | 1974 |
| 4 |
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Lucero, Mary T.; Mobley, Arie S. | Cross-species comparison of metabolite profiles in chemosensory epithelia: an indication of metabolite roles in chemosensory cells | Comparative studies of chemosensory systems in vertebrates and invertebrates have greatly enhanced our understanding of anatomical and physiological constraints of chemical detection. Immunohistochemical comparisons of chemosensory systems are difficult to make across species due to limited cross-re... | Olfactory; Vomeronasal; Mouse; Zebrafish; Squid | 2008-04 |
| 5 |
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Normann, Richard A. | Effects of background illumination on the photoresponses of red and green cones | 1. The photoresponses of light- and dark-adapted red and green cone photoreceptors were recorded intracellularly in the retina of the turtle, Pseduemys scripta elegans. Background illumination produced similar effects on both types of cones. 2. In response to the onset of a prolonged, steady backgro... | Turtles; Adaptation, Ocular; Retina; Signal Transmission | 1979 |
| 6 |
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Normann, Richard A.; Chandler, John P. | Effects of calcium ions on L-type horizontal cells in the isolated turtle retina | A technique by which the retina can be isolated from the turtle eye is described. Scanning electron microscopy revealed morphological variability between preparations and also between regions of the same one. Large areas were often totally free of any pigment epithelial cells, yet contained a high p... | Retina; Calcium; Horizontal Cell; Turtle | 1990 |
| 7 |
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Normann, Richard A. | Effects of GABA and related drugs on horizontal cells in the isolated turtle retina | The role of GABA in the outer plexiform layer of the turtle retina has been examined by intracellular recordings from L- and C-type horizontal cells in the isolated retina preparation. GABA (1-5 mM) slightly depolarized the L-type horizontal cells, reduced the amplitude of their photoresponses, and ... | Retina; Horizontal Cells; Synapse; Negative Feedback; GABA; Turtle | 1990 |
| 8 |
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Normann, Richard A.; Shoham, Shy | Encoding mechanisms for sensory neurons studied with a multielectrode array in the cat dorsal root ganglion | Recent advances in microelectrode array technology now permit a direct examination of the way populations of sensory neurons encode information about a limb's position in space. To address this issue, we recorded nerve impulses from about 100 single units simultaneously in the L6 and L7 dorsal root ... | Sensory; Encoding; Multielectrode; Dorsal Root Ganglion; Cutaneour; Muscle | 2004 |
| 9 |
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Lucero, Mary T.; Mobley, Arie S.; Mahendra, Gandham | Evidence for multiple signaling pathways in single squid olfactory receptor neurons | At least two different G-protein-mediated transduction cascades, the adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C (PLC) pathway, process chemosensory stimuli for various species. In squid olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), physiological studies indicate that both pathways may be present; however, confirmat... | Olfaction; Cephalopods; G Proteins, PLC; Adenylate Cyclase | 2007-03 |
| 10 |
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Normann, Richard A. | Functional reorganization of primary visual cortex induced by electrical stimulation in the cat. | Compared to the high degree of plasticity observed in a juvenile, mature sensory cortices have long been held to be immutable but, recently, researchers have suggested some plasticity persists in the mature cortex. Cortical reorganization has particular saliency to the development of a cortically ba... | Cat; Electrophysiology; Phosphene; Plasticity; Receptive Field; Striate Cortex | 2005 |
| 11 |
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Lucero, Mary T. | Gut endoderm is involved in the transfer of left-right asymmetry from the node to the lateral plate mesoderm in the mouse embryo | | | 2012-01-01 |
| 12 |
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Normann, Richard A.; Branner, Almut | Long-term stimulation and recording with a penetrating microelectrode array in cat sciatic nerve | We studied the consequences of long-term implantation of a penetrating microelectrode array in peripheral nerve over the time course of 4-6 mo. Electrode arrays without lead wires were implanted to test the ability of different containment systems to protect the array and nerve during contractions o... | Cats; Microelectrodes; Prosthesis Implantation; Sciatic Nerve | 2004 |
| 13 |
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Normann, Richard A.; Horch, Kenneth W.; Cha, Kichul | Mobility performance with a pixelized vision system | A visual prosthesis, based on electrical stimulation of the visual cortex, has been suggested as a means for partially restoring functional vision in the blind. The prosthesis would create a pixelized visual sense consisting of punctate spots of light (phosphenes). The present study investigated the... | Visual Prosthesis; Mobility; Phosphene Simulator | 1992 |
| 14 |
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Normann, Richard A.; Maynard, Edwin M. | Neural interface for a cortical vision prosthesis | The development of a cortically based vision prosthesis has been hampered by a lack of basic experiments on phosphene psychophysics. This basic research has been hampered by the lack of a means to safely stimulate large numbers of cortical neurons. Recently, a number of laboratories have developed a... | Neuroprosthetics; Artificial Vision; Electrode Arrays; Multielectrode Recordings; Biocompatibility | 1999 |
| 15 |
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Normann, Richard A.; Kolb, Helga | Neural organization of the retina of the turtle Mauremys caspica: a light microscope and Golgi study | The organization of the retina of the turtle species Mauremys caspica, found in fresh water ponds of Israel, has been examined by light microscopical techniques including examination of fresh wholemount retina, one micron blue-stained vertical sections and Golgi-stained material. The anatomical find... | Turtle Retina; Photoreceptors; Golgi Technique; Amarcine Cells | 1988 |
| 16 |
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Normann, Richard A.; Maynard, Edwin M. | Neuronal interactions improve cortical population coding of movement direction | Interactions among groups of neurons in primary motor cortex (MI) may convey information about motor behavior. We investigated the information carried by interactions in MI of macaque monkeys using a novel multielectrode array to record simultaneously from 12-16 neurons during an arm-reaching task. ... | Motor Cortex; Monkey; Population Coding; Movement | 1999 |
| 17 |
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Normann, Richard A. | Oscillations in rod and horizontal cell membrane potential: evidence for feed-back to rods in the vertebrate retina | 1. Rods and horizontal cells were studied with intracellular recordings in the retina of the toad, Bufo marinus; 161 cells were from the eyecup preparation and thirty were from the isolated perfused retina. 2. Of these cells, 39% exhibited either transient or sustained oscillations of membrane poten... | Retina; Photoreceptors; Toads; Adaptation, Ocular | 1976 |
| 18 |
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Normann, Richard A.; Clark, Gregory A.; McDonnall, Daniel | Selective motor unit recruitment via intrafascicular multielectrode stimulation | Recruitment of force via independent asynchronous firing of large numbers of motor units produces the grace and endurance of physiological motion. We have investigated the possibility of reproducing this physiological recruitment strategy by determining the selectivity of access to large numbers of ... | Funtional Neuromuscular Stimulation; Microelectrode Array; Neuroprosthesis; Intrafascicular Multielectrode Stimulation; Cats | 2004 |
| 19 |
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Normann, Richard A.; Kolb, Helga; Lasater, Eric M. | Signal integration at the pedicle of turtle cone photoreceptors: an anatomical and electrophysiological study | The morphology of the axon which connects the cell body and pedicle of turtle cone photoreceptors was studied by light and electron microscopy. The axon which contains numerous synaptic vesicles, some endoplasmic reticulum, and a few cisternae is basically filled with cytoplasm. The length of the ax... | Cone Photoreceptor, Voltage Clamp; Isolated Cells; Input Resistance; Cell Body-Pedicle Coupling | 1989 |
| 20 |
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Normann, Richard A. | Signal transmission from red cones to horizontal cells in the turtle retina | 1. Intracellular recordings were made from L-type horizontal cells in the retina of the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans. The responses were evoked by 500 msec pulses of 'white' light. 2. L-type horizontal cells were classified as either, 'small receptive field' s.r.f. or 'large receptive field' l.r... | Turtles; Synapses; Retina; Photoreceptors | 1979 |
| 21 |
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Normann, Richard A.; Abbasi, Masoud; Johansson,Torbjorn | Silicon carbide enhanced thermomigration | The widespread acceptance of thermomigration technology to produce through-chip interconnects has been impaired by (i) a random walk of the Si-Al liquid eutectic inclusion as it traverses the wafer, and (ii) a ?surface barrier? which allows thermomigration of only relatively large inclusions. In ... | Silicon Dioxide; Thermometers; Transducers; Thermomigration Technology; Infrared Lamps | 1992 |
| 22 |
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Normann, Richard A.; Campbell, Patrick K.; Jones, Kelly E.; Huber, Robert J.; Horch, Kenneth W. | Silicon-based, three-dimensional neural interface: manufacturing processes for an intracortical electrode array | A method has been developed for the manufacture of a "three-dimensional" electrode array geometry for chronic intracortical stimulation. This silicon based array consists of a 4.2 x 4.2 x 0.12 mm thick monocrystalline substrate, from which project 100 conductive, silicon needles sharpened to facilit... | Electric Stimulation; Electrodes, Implanted; Sensory Cortex; Intracortical Electrode Array | 1991 |
| 23 |
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Normann, Richard A. | Statistical encoding model for a primary motor cortical brain-computer interface | A number of studies of the motor system suggest that the majority of primary motor cortical neurons represent simple movement-related kinematic and dynamic quantities in their time-varying activity patterns. An example of such an encoding relationship is the cosine tuning of firing rate with respect... | Discrete Distribution; LN Model; Neural Decoding; Neuroprosthetics; Sequential Monte-Carlo Filter | 2005 |
| 24 |
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Normann, Richard A.; Shah, Maulik R. | Study of printed spiral coils for neuroprosthetic transcranial telemetry applications | We have explored the use of printed spiral coils (PSC's) for neuroprosthetic transcranial telemetry applications. We fabricated two-dimensional PSC's on a thin (25 microns) polyimide substrate using copper (35 microns) as a conducting material. All the coils had a fixed inner diameter of 1.0 cm. We ... | Blindness; Neuroprosthesis; Transcranial Telemetry System; Prosthesis Design | 1998 |
| 25 |
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Normann, Richard A.; Muller, Jay F.; Kolb, Helga | Synaptic inputs to physiologically defined turtle retinal ganglion cells | Two physiologically distinct, HRP-marked turtle retinal ganglion cells were examined for their morphology, GABAergic, glycinergic, and bipolar cell synaptic inputs, using electron-microscopic autoradiography and postembedding immunocytochemistry. One cell was a color-opponent, transient ON/OFF gangl... | Turtles; Neural Pathways; Synapes; Retinal Ganglion Cells | 1991 |
