Miscellaneous

AH_Misc1963

A Study of the Problems of Physical Fitness for America and Its Relationship to the Sport of Skiing I Certification of Professional Ski Teachers I and the Mass Ski School Operation with a Plan for the Organization~ Promotion and Administration of a Pilot Mass Ski School. By The Greater Salt Lake Ski Schools, Inco 945 East First South Salt Lake City I Utah June 10, 1963 A STUDY OF THE PROBLEMS OF PHYSICAL. FITNESS FOR AMERICA AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE SPORT OF SKIING, CERTIFICATION OF PROFESSIONAL SKU TEACHERS g AND THE MASS SK J, SCHOOL. OPERAT ION WITH A PLAN FOR THE ORGANIZATIONg PROMOTION AND ADMINISTRATION OF A P "LOT MASS SK I SCHOOL. Sl.lbmi t ted to: By THE GReATER SALT LAKE SKI SCHOOLS, INC. 945 East First South Salt Lake City, Utah June 10 g 1963 TABLE OF CONTENTS Subject INTRODUCTION 0 e . 0 . 0 Subject • 0 • • 0 Purpose and Scope 0 Conclusions • 0 .. • .. 0 0 .. .. 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 000 • g • • e & 0 040 o 0 000 o o The Certification of Ski Teachers a Earty Certification Certification and the Mass Ski the 1950so SchooL Program of Cert if ica t i on of sk i teachers in the 196(Js 0 Summary and Conclusions of HistoricaL Background .. . • • • A STUDY OF THE MASS SKI SCHOOL PROGRAM IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST The The The The Greater Seattle Ski SchooL Buzz Fiorini Ski School. o PortLand ~acee, ~r. Chamber of Commerce Ski School Spokesman Review Ski School at Mt. Spokane . A PROPOSAL FOR THE ORGANIZATION, PLANNING, PROMOTIONe OPERATION, • • 0 0 0 o .. 0 o 0 o 0 1 1 3 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 10 12 13 AND A~/NISTRATION OF THE GREATER SALT LAKE VALLEY SKI SCHOOL.. 15 Introduction • 0 0 0 •• 0 .. 0 ... The 1963-64 Greater SaLt Lake Valley Ski School. The Package Program • The Promotion,. o • • o The Physical Organization and Administration of the Ski School •• 0 o " Instructors and Supervisors 0 • CONCLUSIONS • o • .. 0 • • • • o • 0 o 15 15 16 17 17 19 20 dNTRODUCT dON SUBJECT This report deals with the prob4em of physical fitness for America and its reLationship to the development of a winter recreation ski in­struction program to be used in the greater Sagt Lake VaLLeyo It wouLd serve as a pilot program fo~ other cities in the United Stateso For the past ten years there has been a strong trend towards mass programs fOIr phys lca L fitness in the Un Hed States. Pres ~:den t KennedyR s suggested National Program to Improye the Health and Physical Fitness of aLL Americans attests to this trend. Reference is made to the United States Senate !nternatiQna~ Hea£th Studyg A memorandum from Senator Hubert Ho Humphrey 0 s '"FiYe ,~, Po int FH"IJe~uj; Prog,Fam For America presen ted to the United States Senatev SeptembelF 129 1SUz2o,p'f Senator HumphreY$ums: up the "Five Point ProgfF'a.mooo 19 as foUowsg urhe FederaL Government wiB continue to focus nationae attentio/!'IJ on this p.'r'oblem. But it is abso-'~ gutety clear that the uttimate responsibiLity for the fitness of the American peopLe rests on the cooperatiort and determination of school boards and town officiais v on thousands of community Leaders and on mil­Lions ~f fathers and mothers. Only through your effo~t can we hope fo continue to move toward a stronger and more vigorou$ Americao" Senator Humphrey ask$v "What sho/Ad the Uo So Congress now do ta hei,p sti""engthen the youngster$ of Amer'ica? What shouil,d the FederaL Agencie.r:; ~ the States and Citie,~ ~ and private organizations - do?t9 "What do :t~ suggest by way of specified actions?,e In conjunction with the programs for PHYSICAL FITNESS FOR AMERICA is the Pre!:>\d(!ont 0 s Camm i 5S i on on Outdoor Recrea ti 01"00 It is obV'tous that with the increase in popUlation and the trend towards urbanization with more free time for recreation v the matter of making available adequate outdoor recreationaL faciLities is a matter of significant national need and importanceo In the winter month5 v in latitudes and geographic areas that win permit p skiing is a most popular and practical means of mass recreation and physical fitness. The United States has had approximately a two~ thousand-percent increase in the participation of skiing since the end of World War II. With the growth of the sport of skiing and its 1H 9-5~629 PHYSICAL FITNESS FOR AMER!CA v Congressional Recordv September 12p 1962. 7lncreased popu ga,ri tyv certa in prob lems germane to the speJrt become apparento The improperly taa.nght ,Skl(ep' carries a high accident pote!lJ~ tiaL The Federal GO'll'ernmer,t, ,:&: in'terested ire any health ha:zard tha~ invoLves the American Peopleo' in research carried ouf in conjunction with the PubLic HeaCth Servi':;'fi: v H has been St'i?Wni thai; fOft" every oJ"J,e~ thousand peopLe on the ski stapes for a dayv approximateLy sfx of them wU, ( be inJl.u'edo Therefore w~th the t:lt'u;:reas in!'; numbed of! siders ea(Jh w!nte{r~D the skd u,nJ:lib"Y probtem has become a co. ... '80& for concern 0 2 Arthur Eo EtLison D 1'40 Do) Chairmar:1 D National Sk:er Research Founda­tio~ points out that the cause5 for aeoidene. ares Lack of physicue condit ionif.n9v faci< of knowi.edge of equipment: for ~;k 1,"90 ,fack of te=ch~ !1.JEE.l £2..~C;:~D and r.a.sr 0; tach of common ser,scE:o 19 t It we carll corntince Americaos shier.s;to concentra~e 1n these four' areas" we wnt have gO,(ld~ a long way towards reduc ing OUf' injury prob h~mo,,2 It is zhe opinion of the .d~tors of the report that Dro £l'isol"" S correcd: D but WI!Th' d):!Sag!f"'lHf! wi~1i;h h~m on the ,order' of {mpo,,.tance of the c.';)n~ tributing {fact.I):,!"!';! to ac;cidentso Dt ~:s felt that the prime COf':G:ern R$ 'i"f'i) the fie4d c;if f:(echrdca,~ competenc® ,- this mean,~ ~ki l:n.s;truction and sId sch,{)(;i£;so At':) olrgan,;zed v antegrar:ed ~;k ~;;:hco£ program fJihou£d oe d~.sRg/f!lled tOWI.lIN:)£ phys ,(Co. c;O:!f!di t TIoydng ,b·e:"Qp"'li\' :til<; ing ClI'i··a/.t:I7' du,C;<'i;ng the Of!j~ #;he~ ~h)pe ie~;so;1'J)S 0.";0 shoui/d anc,!;'ude plT'oper ~n!$tr'·(,jC·d;'c!f; mud super<fi:E;io/ru~r>J the s;(f.d,e~t ~ron and ';tse (cd $k:~ 'f.Iq(dptYl(i.';/f'"t", F.j'o iI and .l'!"J::Ist 't.mp~rta.'~dv i!,/I'ils~trUct~?i'i: 'i5hOUft:d foiUow o. 4og~ca.('. point'~ tJ),'p~i!.!nJit: !iil!l!qG.l~mce w in gra.d,,~ l.ia ted prr;gIPe$rS, i on) to ea©,~ ~e(J.J'i"I ifilg prcxt-'@n The Mil'iiJfes ntf the Winter Spot'!,$' Saf .. d'y C(JI'Ilfnititee v Pub£ic Safe Commiiteev Na1];i!"o"'iJo£ Safety CCH-lfiiC?it' D hre1d ~i'~ Chie;ago,:.'!i November:; 19~2r IfndII©a~e.~ tho.1/, maroj'::;;ir'gaf'jt£zati()ru~ are c;©n'.:~I"H·1'r:fi!d with winter sp©rit.5; and ,6C1.fet'yo Represented at trds meeLtng weif"@i: rne Nat iol"Jo~ Pa!'k Serln:(;~ev Na'tionali. Skf. Patif'o£ Sys,temv U o So Pi<Jb~t!J HeaUt.h S~,r''Yic;'1:',) Nia.t'i.Olt':l(l!( Cr;'iiif.'~ (, Boy Scouts of; Ameri;.;;;av Uo S. F(.H'~,st. S<E ,t~;(~D SJd r7fiJd .. ~str'~liiUi "f Amel!"'~Ga and' oihE!!!"''':. Among the !H.. i,,"jd$ of winiec' t1p'J!?t:tfi discusseo W(l$" cf cours>E!~ skdng wh~cih p~,ayed i:he e:qd ro/(e w bh i;;eitw~en: :3 t!:l 5 mU U/fHii sidi'E!!F'SJ parficipating 1n the ~parf. Mr. Paul Hl'~,. Aasistant Genera' Managerv N. S. Co, ~f!.igge:£tir',)lf.'i$;fr:F" ~c; elf)' we(f~~ A Hl..earn t.o Ski Program" simLtar t.o the MLeall"'rI to Swim Prog;r>o.."!l.'p CClndl;tionir;g wougd be sfJ'essed a!l; pa1rt of the prrc:gramo Donald Higgins v Director of Health and Safety ServiceD Nationae Coun~i' of Boy Scout. cf Americav aaid that it wov d be heLpful to have someone provide professionaL fu&t-time leadership~ with "qual'fi~d amateur" instructors;) to organizations such as the Boy Scout:$ of Amer~"a f>1l teach .safe sieling. Mr. Hi!.ggin$ sa~d that the commHtee should do an 2Air'UlI.n'" £. EiUson v MoD.:> MEMORANDUM TOg AU Fu~i.ertds of the Na.tio,';a Skier Reseaif'ch Foundat flon) Ma!~ch 2'5 11963" the UnUed States Ski Associia-o t ~onL' Coiorado Springsv Coi.orad©o it can to stimulate organiz:ations ilO pro"i'ide pl2.aces foU" peopLe to go to learn the right ways to enjoy a~4 kinds of winte~ sports. A fact gro~p was formed to work. on the finding v s time.li, a tang all"Cd co~rdiJ.flJa.t 'ing of QrgafiJ= liZlltions concerned with programs forr itrr'a. ining in wini:e,f' spcrrts and wHIt1 providing "qualified" instrl.u:tcU"s. ,oQua~Hted'U here differs from the level of professionaf.o In a Laterr meeting of thre Nationae sat'ety COI;;7r!cH Sid. Safe'!.y C;om~ mitteev held in New York CHyv rebruQ]"Y 5~e:vf96Jy it was indicated by some members that the an$wer to ski instruction fOF the mass instruction programs is to provide a large number of "quaU,fied'o iJ"Pi)'!.it.ructors for a program sima £alf" to the Red Cross or Boy SCOI..1t $,w~mming programs. I t is fe It by the edi tors :t>f th 115, rep,orif tho'f; mas,'.i1 sid prograrns, should not be taught by ama.teilif'" or fPqua~&fied'& r,nst?",,(JctOff"'So Reference is made to the United States SId AssociCl!~Uon information fUfJ? Of! IfJStandara$ for Sid Programs :In Pub Lic Schoo h Recommended' by thifi Un Hed States Sid Association." The School. Siding Committee under the Chagrmansh~p of Dr • .James £0 Russell v Nationa£ £ducation A$II'.o.::;iafl:ol"O" '020'# 16th Street N.Wov Washington p D. C.~, points out:; '9. oo Ski.ing is OI'1'~ o~' Cl! $oman number of spoY'is which can be pt/lrsued by per-'so/"O$ off a'::' £, ag~u and al g gev·ats of abiU,tYo •• skiing lis not a natural acthd:!!y. it must be learned. Be­cause it can be hazardous ~f unwis'e!y pl.iV"sued p ti i!'t''l./ist .£!. learned W'liU. Reasona.ble ~fety in .!.ili.'21l cannot be achieved or maintained without com­petent 'nstruction." INCompetent itnsiruction is assured 'Only IH'Ider thesupervisi.on of; instructors of high pif'ofessiona~ knowtedge and s/d,H." r,he ,safety aspec t of sk iing is CIl pro/;) gem '!that has a tways been fe U by the professionat ski instructor. It has been noted many times that in-competent irutr"uctor$ a,aways ask the st&.udentt to perriform beyond hh ab i £ Hy. SkHng has had a reputation for dangel" thafi; dates back to the newsreels of the "thirif.if.es'v that showed the dangers, .!)f/ JfJ)JI!I'IP~i')go This r'IJputation for danger cOiJP~ed with inadeqlJlately graduated instruction p£ace$ a menta£ attitUde on skiing that directly affect. partic€pation in the sport. Thus p proper training v lMJjper:"\~,'ii,s;ionD aflld ed,tsca.tion of the sJding p,1,Jb£v,c is very important. PURPose AND SCOP£ The purpose of this If"eport is 11:0 investigate the has tory of $kif. ins true t ion and the mass sk i prog.'!'am,f to po fin t o'ldi the trend towarrds the m~ss ski schoo£s where p'l:JpIJGation centers are nearr ski areas,; to i£~ustrate through example how mass sid schoo~ programs can be made effect ive through profess ional programs; and to point to those programs that have proven inadequate because of ~ack of professional organizat&o~ and instruction. CONCLUSIONS The trend of physicaL fitness and outdoor recreation has p~aced siding in an important Light. TJ:le future o~ .the mass exodus from ,dHes to ski areas shouLd be coordinated with mass ski school programs. History since World War dl has $hown that some program$ have not been effective because of improper pia.';ning. Other programs na¥'e been effect ive beca~se of high Level promotion p organization v and administration. This promotio~ and plan of public education must be aone by peopLe of known abiLity in the fieLd of pubLlc relations who have the community welfare in mind. The instruction must be professionaL and must be highly organized to be ef­fective on a mass ski school basis. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND THE CERTIFICATION OF SKI TEACHERS EarLy Certification: In Europe ski teachers were given civiu'-service type exams as early as 1918~ When ski!ng b~came popular in this count~y in the mid-thirtieso there were only a few competent professionaLs to teach sIding. Many "European Ski Meisters" were teachingp who had the accent v the dress p and the yodel - but had LittLe ability to teach o In 1937 the United States Eastern Amateur Sid Association appointed the first c:}!J .. ?"Uf)i~ cation committeep and set up a system that wouLd heLp promote the develop­men t of sk i teachers and consequen Hy promote the gll"owth of sk ~ ing. The plan WQS designed to protect the skiing public from incompetent ski instruc­tion and to assure a high standard of approved instruction of unifo,r-m qual it yo The certification pian $tarted in the East and has always been compre= hensivev impartial g and very stricto As a resuLto this plan was adopted by every other division of organbed skHng in the United Stateso Ce§"H­fication began to develop with the growth of the sporto howeverv the pro­gram was stopped by the war. After' t he war the sport outgrew the supp!y of adequately trained ski instructetr'$o Many Large=soaLe group instruction~ promotion plans were started which made this preblem more aCMte. #n the late 19*0 6 $ the SaLt Lake County Ski SchooL was begM/I"II v the Seattle E£!i lEteLLigence~ began a Large-mass program at SnoquaLmie Pass in Washtf!Jgto/l"llv The Rocky Moun fa an ~ began a program f.ifO Co lorado as did other pMb fJ. 11<12 and semf.-privatev publ tc spirited organizations. Certifltcation SW!!.l.!l!. ~ ~ ~choo~ Program!!L the 19500sg In the early 1950 P .s the need for more adequate prrofess iona~ type of sk i iinstruC!= tion became apparant to meet the demand fer the blOom in sk~ingo Since the earty programs were usuaL'y taught by vO~lJnteer teachers and the ies~ens were given to students free of chargev the quality cf mass ski teaching became inadequate. The early programs were designed to acquaint peopte with skiingv and many Hmes the equipment and uphiLl-,faciLit f,es were as inadequate as the instruction. But the purpose of getting peopLe lOut O~ the sLopes was servedo In the ear~y 50°1$ some of the sponsership Qf mass ski schooL pregrams became professional and the administration of the pro­grams came under the supervision of professiona£-certified ski instructors. Before 1955v some of the mass ski school programs were pLaced en ,0: "non-profit,/J but a paid and charged'basiso Thus v the student was charged for his Lesson and the instructors v promotors v and administrators were paid for their professionaL serviceso Programs that were in this cLa~$ were:: The .B,gckv M.g,untaio ~v Ski Schoo-t 9 in Denver; The Spokesman Revaew Ski School 'n Spokanev The Greaf<&r Seattle Sid SchooL sponsored by theP. To A. (form~rLy the Post InteLligencer schooL, and the JAC£E Sid SchooL ~n Portland. 8y 1955 certification of sid instructors had spread to an partS> of the country and the start of a nat ionwideo high-standard of examination was being estabLished for sk€ teacher certification B and the early founda= tion for a professiona~ ski instructors association had been started. A ten~year dUration was required to achaeve this progress from the end @? World War No Certification of Ski Teachers in the 19600sg 8y 1960-61 0 the Pacific Northwest Ski 8nstr~;t;;; A;;o;~ati;; ~ abie io adequateLy staff their mass ski schoo&s with a high percentage of certified ski ~nstructorso Pro~ fessional standards we6"'e not on~;y maintained blj,jf, were actuaUy enhanced by th is program .. #6"1 the SaU Lake area none of the m':l($$ sId schooh; aHow the student tc progress adequately beyol!fJtJ 'the intermediate leve It 1i'J;'f( h,arrn £ngo Sk i instruction is no longer only a means of Introduction fo the baaiie$ of the Spolrt. InstrucHon $/hc4.!i~d be COfl)tinlj,jed through aU levels of ab i U,tyo The promot~on lin this area cf the mOIJlI'llta~" West. has not been extended wHh high standards tlO the peopge of the Salt Lake VaLleyo but rather it has been narrowly con' fned to the ilCiea{!, $SId resort area.. The promlOt ion alnd education mMst be taken tlO the pub~&~o The Cart iff i~rrJ Ski: Ins tructors i"'J th b area are a group that is nat ion~ atty recognized. This group has eontr,.gbuted to the hi.gh standard of -4n­sfructfonfn the Uo So. and many of its members have contributed to the estalbLhhmeYilt IOf a nationaL professionaL grol.Dp:t. PrlOfessional Skli 9nstruc~' tors 0'1 America.. 7r/n;e edHors of th h rep«'!Jrt recogn ize tho. t the Loca~ areas faii to prov~de the greatesg gOlOd fef!" the greatest number of skii.ers o 8eealj,jse of this an &n¥esiigation Qnd study of the tremendous successes aeh leved in the PacH lic NOfFthwesd; wH/rli the mass sk i schoo l programs was begun. The need to app £y these prine iip ges to other areas of the Un Hed States became evident .. The method fer this study has been through Professionag SId !nstruc­tors of America v b'nc .. 9 and through peFsonag llf!il'+festigation and studyo Over twelve visits fo the Northwest $kJ sohoo's have been made over a period of the past three years.. A current Long-range study program by PSflA of the mass ski schoot i$ now being made. SUMMARY & CONCLUSION OF HISTORGCAL 8ACKGROUND C'evef!il years ago there were tess than 360 certified and associate sk~ instructor$ in the United State$o During the 1962-63 ski season over 900 instr'uotor candidate,!; took the examination for instructor in thh eountryo There are now over 20000 certified and associate teachers.. About 600 more 6 teachers are working in a registered lOr apprentice capacity. Of these totals 400 certifged and assoc~ate instructors and over ~OO registered instructors are from the Pac if ge Northwest == a tribute to the success of the mass ski schoot program &rro tha.t Cl!"ea .. -A STUDY -OF- TH_E .MA_SS -SK-I SCHOOL PROGRAM -IN -TH-E PACIFICNORT~ST (Editors Note: The bulk of this information has been taken from minutes of a paneL discussion entitLed "Problems of the Mass Ski School Operation in the Pacific Northwest" given at the National Ski Instructors Meeting (PS/A), May 12, 1961, Whitefish, Montana. This information has been edited for clarity and has been brought up to date in many cases with information gathered over the past two years.) THE GREATER SEATTLE SKI SCHOOL (Po T.A. SCHOOL) Hal Kithman, one of three directors of the Greater Seattle Ski School in the S~tate of Washington p operates a major ski school of the "mass type." Mr. Kithman also has the (U.S. Forest Service) speciat-use permit for the regular "walk in school" in the area. In the Snoqual­imie Pass area, incLuding Hyak and Ski Acres y there are 19 ski schools in operation. At first KiLhman thought that this many schools would cut down on his ski schooL business. It cut down on the waLk-in business g but the mass schoolsp which are captured Qudiences D have increased to the point that transportation is now the problem. Kilhman operates one schooL for the high-school-age children in SeattLe. This schooL has 1100 children. It could be 4000 if trans­portation were avaiLable. Commercial transportation, Greyhound, etco v is used and buses are brought from Portland - 200 miLes,and from Sell­ingham - 100 mi les north. In Februaryv 19639 over 130 buses were counted in the SnoquaLimie area on a Saturday afternoon. The reason that this program is successfuL is that it is sold as a pack­age deal. It is soLd once a year and incLudes Lessons and transportation. Therefore, it h no problem to hire "X" number of instructors and pay them a good wage scaLe. The wage scale for instructors in Seatt le is one of the highest in the country. A pre-sold package al lows Ki Lhman to arrange for alL his transportation before the program actualLy begins. The program is promoted by personaL appearances at the high schooLs early in the year (fall). Movies of skiing and the ski school itseLf are shown. Meetings are heLd with the schooL ski cLubs; since skiing is not a recognized school sport. The problem is to obtain cooperation of the school people. This is accompLished through the P.T.A. There are P.T.A. Liasion women in each school who pass out the information to the chiLdren - and it becomes common knowledge. Once a yearv the first Monday after Thanks­giving, the tickets are placed on sale in twenty-five downtown stores in SeattLe. ELeven-hundren tickets are soLd-out in twenty minutes. The Greater SeattLe Ski SchooL gives one hour of instruction and transportation. The cost for a seven week's package is 130. Because of the lack of avaiLable transportation, the program is alternated over a fourteen week period, so actualLy there are two groups going for seven 8 weeks over a fourteen-week period. This has many disadvantages but cannot be heLped until the transportation probLem is soLved. At the time the program is so~dp the student !is given a book that has tickets~ aLL information about the school v the costo pick-up points and the time of pick-up, equipment v and tells about the peopLe who instruct. There is a ticket for the bus and the instructor. At the time the books are soldo the business manager of the schoo~ tabu'ates the class of the student-beginning» etc. A student who is a repeat is told by his instruc­tor the year before what ctass to sign up for next year. The schoo~ starts in December. Before the first session v the instructor gives each of his students in his class a callo The ski schoo~ Directors and Super­visors then put the classes togethe~ pre-season. Their classes have twelve students but about 10% do not come each time ~ or come but do not show up for class. But a cLass of ten is usualLy smaller than the reguLar comme~ciat ski school that operates in the area. Since the instructor knows hi$ c!ass beforehando the phone caLL enables him to give the student his namev pgace to meet v and alL the generaL infor­mation. A very close personaL relation between student and instructor is created before they get on the hil~o Once the school is at the ski area v there becomes mass confusion. There are too many sk' schoolsg One schoo£ near by has 600 - another 800 v etc. The area hi.res an area coordinator who has the duty of aUoting teaching areas to the various schoo~so This changes each time so that the best areas are not always taken up by the same schoot. On Thursday night the coordinator calls the ski schoo£ director and teLgs him of his teaching area for the next session. Thi$ aLLows time to check the master area mapv make changes 9 etc. By the time the school gets to the areaD it knows where to go exaci~y. Each ski schoo~ and each instructor has a sign at the main assembLy area. A public add,"ess system is used by all the schooh. It takes six minut.s for one sch~og to get eleven-hundred stUdents anto cLass and on the hilt. The assembLy area is cLose to the seventeen rope tows and six Pomo. lHts and the chair lift. The probLem once on the hili as communications. This has been soLved by using a master radio set ww.th a series of small-·transhtor two-way il"adio9,. each JlHllpervisor' has a radio. With thh systemv the director can commur; icate wi th any super'll isor in a mat tel'" of seconds. It heLps mothers find their ohitdren~ delivers messages p and essentialLy creates good wiLt for the schooL. It is possible to find a cLass and see if students have been changed from one class to another when this is necessary. The radios are invaluable. They are two-way radios on the citizens band. The radios are a heLp in end-of-the program races. These races are in addition to the regular racing schooL e An effort is made to have the student stay with the same instructor during the season. Most changes are made during the first two sessions. Thus v the student becomes attached to the instructor. This also produces an air of competition between instructors. They compete against themseLves because they have to teach atl catagor~es. 9 Kihlman's schooL uses the hour £es.son because they canOt seL~ the two= hour session. Thirty doLLars seems to be the maximum amount of money thag peopLe wilL spend to send their kids to these schooLs. Costs arre imporrta~to A' schoo l for Sundays wi th 300 peop Le mus t charge more - two do ~ lars more. It simpLy costs more in overhead to operate a school w~th 300 as compared to 1100. This must be accepted. The Greater SeattLe Ski School does we~l9 and the directors and super= visors are paid weH. Lead instructors receive 130 to $35 a day., Regu~ar instructors alL receive $21 a day. (~ds Note~ Present pLans are to pay different wage scales for Registered #nstructors v Associate Instructors, and Certified Instructors.) In addition the school furnishes the iinstru©= tors with a sweaterp pants and a parka for hatf of the cost of who[,esa4eo The schooL pays hatf and the instructor pays ha4fo Problems are created whe~ $tudents ho~d back the clas$o £xira r-n­structors are hired to give these peop'. additional Lesson. after the reg­uLar ctass. This heLp$~ The mOIst serious probLem is with the $p~it week _. two weeks between Les;son<Si. Some peop4e ski this period whHe others do no~. Some improve and others do not. A bus an the SeattLe area co-sts about $100 for 42 people. each i6'iJ= structor handLes two cLasses a day and is paid for about 45 student$o He teaches three one-hour c£asses a day ~ Saturd~y and S~nday. Un addition K&htman has other cLasses during the week for 4acHe~. Thh 5choo~ operates for the !!&gh schooh. In Belevue they operate a schooL for chi~dren from Jr. High schoo~ wp through high schooL. Dif= ferent mass ski schooLs cater to differen~ types and classes of peopLe.'! i.e. v age groupsv etc. One fact to remembe~g One cannot seLL the program by himself to the school authoritie$. The program mus~ be sold by &ndivi~ duaLs er through some other agencyv P.T.A. v etc. Thas school obtain~ it$ chaperones by giving lessons and tickets p and it preduces a waiting ~ast for the jobs. The Buzz Fiorini ~ Schoo4g Fiorinr.. operates two ski schoo~." oui of Seattle v one at SnoquaLimie Pas!! and ene at Ste'll'ens Pass. The operatiof'P is similar' to the Greater SeatHe Ski SchooL in some respec;'#;s. It is a "mass $k'i school" and is competitive with other ski schooLs. However v this ski 5choo£ oaters to a different fietd entirety. Most of the students are from the ages of 7 to 14 years. Similar to the other group (KihLman's) this is soLd earLy in the year and prepaid. These people are organized before the schooL beginsp but it takes about three weeks before the super= visor can place the students &f'P their final organized cLasses. The instructor stays with the same group for the duration of the se$­slone Fiorini hires women to take care of the 7~9 year old chiLdren. MenD it has been found g cannot Lead and $upervise these age youngsteF~ as weLL as women. 10 A number of the chiLdren in the ski school are enrolLed for four or five seasons. An advanced instructor wH l take these indiv idua Ls right up through the expert stages. A number of the instructors used on Saturdays are school teachers by profession. The schooL is not a full-time school; it operates only on Saturday. People must be hired who are interested in the work and are avaiLabLe on that day_ A problem of training the instruc­tor who does not ski during the week is presented. Fiorini attempts to meet with the instructors on SundaYD which is their day off9 in an effort to work with and improve their ability. This works welL to a degree. Firoini also hires a technical advisor in hi$ school. His job is to sk~ among the classes and check each instructor. If an instructor is rough on an expLanation or a manueverD the technicaL advisor takes him aside after cLass and works with the instructor individually. This school has been in operation for fifteen years under Mr. rgorini. He empLoys about seventy part-time instructors. The classes average about tweLve students to a class~ Fiorini has a Liability insurance poLicy for transportation and on-the-hilt accidents. He indicated that the pot icy was very difficult to obtain. Many insurance companies wilL not under= write this type of insurance. Fiorini claims that he was able to obtain insurance because of the reputation of his school and the low accident rate. (£d's Note: This school in the 1961-62 season taught 'YO p 200 lessons and had an accident rate of four fractures.) The insurance companies in Seattle wiLL not underwrite aLL of the ski schooLs in the area. There have been no suits to date. But aLt schooLs in the area are aLerted to the possibiLity. Accidents that happen on the hiLL are usuaLLy covered by the insurance of the area operator. The transportation company covers the students on the buses. The Special­Use Permit of the USFS given to the area operator makes possible an inter= pretation that the ski schooL is covered for anything that happens on the sLope. Before any class goes onto the hilL» a survey is made of the temper~ atures p snow conditions p etc. p and the schooL directors can predict when a rash of accidents is expected. This country is famous for having lots of heavYD wet v and deep snow. When conditions appear dangerous p a£g ctasses are brought down off the hiLL by use of the P" A. system. The cLasses ar. taken on a tour; it keeps them out of the dangerous situation •. Students are signed up for a minimum of eight weeks. They are com~ mitted for the transportation portion of the fee. On the instruction portion» Fiorini has a cLause. If the student wiLL notify the sk& school by Thursday night of an absence» the student can take a make-up cLass. (Kithman's school has a "1'10 cancellation" cLause; they can give the pack­age or lesson to someone eLse- - but get no refunds). In the event a sess ion is cance t led because of ra in» etc. 9 the program is extended one week. 11 Fiorini uses sixteen Greyhound buses; the last bus is in the area by 10:00 AM. By 10:15 AM Fiorini has 700 kids out on the sLope and into ski cLasses. The schooL is broken into two divisions. Each d£v&s(on has a supervisor. Each bus has a supervisor who telts the kids where to go and to what instructor.. The instructor then given the students the program for the day, what they are to Learnv the area to be usedq and what tifts to ride. Buzz uses a "voice phol'utI" to get the instructors into pLace and for keeping the students in their areas. The 'llvolce phone" is .ffect ive and Fiorin i pLans to have one for each of his superv hors. Fiorini uses several pick-up points in the City of SeattLe. They have certain departure times. (Fiorini has six pick-Up points and KUhman has fourteen). Fiorin i charges more but gives a four-hour lesson - at L day •. The Portland .J4ceev Jr. Chamber of Commerce Ski Schootv PorUandv Orego;;;-with Marion 'IIhiti;;;: This skTschooL hasbeen =in operation for sixteen years. It operates on the South sLope of Mi. Hood with heavy, rain and snow conditions g but they have never postponed a session yet. This schooL is advertised as being the largest paid ski schooL in the worLd. They have an average of 2500 stUdents a year. The school employs over eighty instructors each year. 'IIhHing gs schooL hires three types of instructors and pays three di'f,i... ferent rates. The Registered Instructor who has no type of certification is one type - the others are Cert Hied and Associate. There are thr.e cLasses a weekend. The Associate Instructor is paid $8 per ctass - with bonus. The C'erUfied Onstructor h paid $10 pell" cLass with bonus •. The problem of this ski school is not buses but &nstructor~ Whiting cannot find enough acceptabLe instructors. The demand for ski instruction far exceeds the ayailable instructors in thelr area. The ski schooL is limited because of this problem. A~ 300n as addifionaL in~ . structora are avaHablev the school is expanded. There are other schools in the area, and there is considerabLe competition for instructors., rt is interesting to note that most of the professiona~ instructors gn this area had'their training in the Jaycee ski schooL g either as instructors or students or both. Whiting's school has provided a training ground foil" other schools. When the eight-week program is overp stUdents are encour­aged to go to other sid schools for additional instruction .. In 1961 the school had seven major ace iden ts. They have an acc ident. insurance program (poLicy) that covers these people written by the Nation­al HospitaL Association. The school receives the poLicy quHe reasonabLy .. It covers the students from the time they get on the bus until the time they get off. The JayceeOs insurance biLL runs around 116 9 000 a year; the transportation bi Ll is around $22vOOO. They use forty to fi.fty buses. This school aLso uses a P. A. ,system and sound~powe"'ed horns. The school starts a training program for the instructors in the earLy fall - September and October. At that time aU instructors in the area are invited; they aLso invite anyone who is ambitious and would Like 112 to become an inustructor. Some go on to become in$tru~torsg wi'll. Le others do not because of a tack of ability. This training continues untiL the first week in Jan,uary when the schoog begins. FolLowing the eight~week schooL, additional training is given to attempt t,o prepare theff>e people for the Cert if leat ion-E'xamination. This is the program for upgrading in­structors in the entire areao Those traine~s who are not accepted for instructors are offered a cLass of their choice at no cost. Thus p the schooL is not only teaching skiing but is training teachers to teach at the same time •. The cost for 5 weeks w/insurance ~nd transportation is $260 The cost for 5 weeks w/&nsurance without transportation i~ 113. The prob~em in the PoriHand C!!'"ea f~ with the $chooL system. The schocC~ are (l,ft"ae.d of the program. Many hours have /!:Jeen $pent by t.he <Jaycee peop le argui9'llg wUh the a~hoo l bcard off ic ia gs. They agree tho. t this wougd be a good thingp but offic~al.gy fOF the record. they wigg not e'\f'en recogrdze t.he sport.. Thh p:r"ob~em aho is felt at the cioUege Levet. I!!.!" SpokesilTlan Review ~ Schoo~ ,~M(. §p.2.kane~ Prior' to 1962th-ia s<c:hooll wa.£ !!'iJ.,)!'fJ by ()I, prcfess,i.onaL $,kit it,'i)sira.actoJ"v George W. Savage. Since 11962 \it has iberen urrtder the direction .of nO!iJ~><".;erttf !led instructorsoThe mcut'imflJlm numbef" of students allowed in the $choo~ &$ 900v but after eight weeks the $(;;hooi, drcps to about 6"00 student$. The ~es.$ons are for two hOIfJ~s and about 40 instructors a!'"e hgred for the program. Mr. Savage was f06"'ae1J D &n h~s contractD to accept ,'ifteelft students in each clas .... This is falf' too many stl'.JJdent$o The papelf' charges 12.00 per Lesson. C~as.£ segregation I.,mderr Savage was CU! fol gows: Beginners were ta.ught &f1! the morffJing and the expeFieffJced skie!'"~ in the afterr!locn. The cLass.a were divided on the hiLL in fourr grcups = as done in the Sun VaLLey Ski Schoot. E'aGh group is headed by an 'instructor and he silJb~divides the gr'oflJlp,s. Th~s gave Savage a fine break v:1"IJ ages and abilities. Savage aLso had the problem of! finding quaU.f~ed instructcr~v since the newspaper wouLd only ag§,ow rewo days before the season for' trail'!ingo The newspaper had a refuf'lid poLicy for unused Hckeh. The bus fare was 13000 making a package tota£ of $5000 pe~ session forr a tota£ package of 140.00. The tow was free during the cfass v but the students had to buy a ticket after clas!!o Savage at the time ran both the fuL~-time professional schocl at the area and the week-end mass schoog. This presented some probLems. Since Savage di.d not 6"4Mew hh contract with the pape!'" in 19629 the $choc~ has gone down h&e~ an the opinion of the editors of this reporto During the 1963 seasonv the school ran over 900 studentso They used be­tween 40 and 50 irutructors c but the director of the school was not certified - and out of the 50 instructora only four people had the assoc­iate ir!lstructor rating. The training session for instructors amounted to one day on the h&£t. The instructors are pa&d for their time and the students charged for the lessonc and The, Spck~man Review seems to have 13 Lost its sense of obligation to the skiing pub£&c. The practice of using uncerti1~.d instructor$ and the practice of unauthorized ski teaching is ~nd@r investigation by ProfessionaL Ski Instructors of America at this time and a forma& protest wit! be made to the Washington State Park Board (since Mto Spokane h a: State park). H; h felt that this attests to the fact that professional instruction and administration is necessary for any type of mass ski schoo£ operation. In a tour of the ski areas and schools during the winter of 1963, it is obvious that the quaLity of the school and the instruction is far superior in the Portland and Seattle areas than in Spokane. 14 In troduc t ion A PROPOSAL FOR THE ORGANIZATION, PLANNING, PROMOTION, OPERATION, AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE GREATER SALT LAKE VALLEY SKI SCHOOL Th. Gr.ater Salt Lak. VaLL.y Ski SchooL wilL off.r a program of ski i~struction to a sizabLe numb.r of people of alL ag. groups and of atL abilities. The school wilt b. organized on a Larg. volum., Low-cost p.r student program. A consid.rabl. numb.r of stud.nts must be maintained to .nabLe the r.duction of administrative and promotionaL ov.rh.ad. In this mann.rv the school may b. organiz.d, pLann.d, promoted, and admin­istrated on a professional basis offering prof.ssional ski instruction. The Gr.at.r Salt Lak. Valley Ski School wiLt be pr.-soLd and pr.­paid to the stud.nts on a "c..arn to Ski Program" similar to the Learn to ski week plans of all major ski resorts. Thus D the w.ek-.nd ski.r witt have an opportunity to learn to ski in the sam. high standard of the fuLL-time prof.ssional ski schooL. Stud.nts wit L b. group.d accord­ing to age and abi~ity. SimiLar to the l.arn-to-ski w •• k, an effort wilL be mad. to keep the same instructor with the sam. cLass throughout the duration of the ski schooL. Instruction will be off.r.d to alL ski.rs or would-b. ski.rs from b.ginners to the rac.rs with the top coach.s heading the coaching staff - a type of s.rvic. found only in the larg., i~t.rnationally famous ski resorts. Safety in skiing wilt be .mphasiz.d. Physical conditioning and prop.r equipment preparation wiLL b. str.ss.d. All ski ar.as us.d for the cLasses are to be clear.d and pack.d to give the stud.nt the .asi.st, saf.st working surface. ALL instructors will b. C.rtifi.d Ski Instructors or Associat.s. It wiLt b. school poLicy to insure that aLL ski ar.as used provide paid prof.ssionaL ski patrol s.rvic •• The manag.m.nt of the ski school witL inv.stigat. and insist that aLL parts of the program are ad.quat.Ly insur.d, i ••• , pubLic transporation, the Lift and the areas for Liability, .tc. It shaLL b. the schooLs int.nt to provide at an opt ional bas is a low-cost Blank.t M.dicaL and Acc id.nt Cov.rag. PoLicy to aLL ski school stud.nts. Th. 1963-64 Gr.at.r SaLt ~ VaLl.y ~ SchooL The ski school wiLL b.gin op.ration at on. of four possible Utah ski ar.as on Dec.mber 149 1963. Th.s. s.ssions wilL continu. for six succ •• d­i. ng Saturdays: Dec.mb.r 21,28, 1963, January 4, 11, 18, and 25, 1964. Promotion for the schooL wilt b.gin the w •• k of Octob.r 27D 1963. A second session of the school wiLt start on F.bruary 1, 1964, and wilt 15 continue for seven Saturdays February 8 D 15~ 22» March 1» 8, and 159 19640 , Publicity for the second program wilt begin on .January 5, 19640 If the demand ariaesD the sessions wi£~ be expanded to include a Sunday program. The Ski Instructors Training Course wiLL begin night sessions on October 10 g and will continue on October 170 24D 319 November 7 and 14 •. Afternoon cLasse3 wilt begin on the hill No~ember 16 and witt continue 23» 30D December 70 150 a~d 22~ 1963. The twelve week course will cost '42. The cour3e is desagned to teach the folLowing subjects to the appren­tice ski instructorg Hhtory of Skiing~t the development of ski technique and the evoLution of teaching methods. The organization of skiing, the organization of professional sid instruct llon o Mechanics of skiing and physics appLied to skiing. A study of the Finished Technical SchooL Forms of the American Ski Technique. A study of ski teaching methods - used to arrive at the finished technicaL forms. Method shaLL incLude choice of terrain» error recognition and fault correction D cLass handLing and alL known teaching excer­cises as weLt as consideration for the capabilities of the in­dividual student and the phychotogy involved and the bio-mechanics of the bodyv Ski Safety Avalanches v and first aid. The course witl be designed to adequately prepare any ski teacher for the Intermountain Sid instructors Association Cert if icat ion-Examination for Certified Ski instl"uctOl"e The SpeciaL Racing SchooL under the guidance of internationally famous coaches and instructors wilt start in December. This program is for youngsters 12 to 18 who know how to ski and are ready and eager to Learn racing techniques. The Package Progr'am: The packagc& wi ~ L cost $30· forr a seven week sess ion. Two different $essions wiH be offered - one I.l eginning in December and one beginning in February. The split program makes the cost per session of seven weeks tess and allows the instructor a chance to sell his students on the second session e This system is recommended since '30 for one sessaon would be more attractive than two sessions at ,60=a month before Christmas. The Egckage witt incLude the following: Bus tickets for seven sessionso Ski school tickets for seven weeks. ALL information about the schooL incLuding the cost and a personaL history of the people who instr'uct. • It is the intent of the management of the school to make the transpor­tation part of the program optional. 16 Equipment hint$ and the acceptable type of bindings. BU$ pick-up points and times. A seLf-addressed return maiter for the student to complete. The package wiLL go on saLe at sporting goods $tores, etco D on Novem­ber 25, 1963, for the first ses$ion and for the second se$sion on January 13, 1964-. The Promotion witt begin on October 279 1963v and on January 5, 1964-. The promotion will be through maiL-out brochures g newspaper promotion» and by per$onaL appearance$ at $chooL$» ski clubs and sporting goods stores •. Other method$ of promotion through the cooperation of public-minded spon­$ or$ wiLL be pur$ued in the same manner u$ed by non-profit ski school$ in the Pacific Northwest. The package wit L incLude one 1~ hour of "on-the-hi U" lesson per each s.$sion. Experience in the Northwest has shown that many people of the high $chooL age and oLder bracket do not favor a lesson of over one or one-and-a-haLf hours in duration. They want a lesson and then time to ski on their own. It is proven in the Northwest that by adequate pLanning and operation with supervi$ion of the school no time is lost in assembly and the organization of the cLas$e$ on the hi~l. The same amount of "on­the hil t" Lesson time can be ach leved in one houru s time in an eff ic ient pre-$oLd and pre-pLanned $chooL as ia done in many of the Local "watk-in" schoot$ offering two hour lessons. Students will be assigned to one of three clas. times:. 10:30 A.M. 9 12:30 P.M. 9 and 2:30 P.M. An optionaL plan will be offered to parents of children in the age bracket. of 7 to 12 years. Thi. plan wiLL include "all-day" instruction and supervision. The additionaL cost will be 121000 for the seven ses­sions. It will be recommended that parents of children in this age bracket consider "aLL-day" instruction for their children. The Physical Organization ~ Administration ~ ~ Ski Schoog. After the ski schooL package has been soldy the student sends in his seLf­addre$$ ed return mailer which Li$ts a cLas$ification chart to determine skiing experienceD age group, and the ski schooL cLass D ioeeD beginnerg etc. The maiter wiLt determine the date preference and the bus pick-up area. The business manager of the schooL wilt tabulate the students into cLa$ses. The Greater SaLt Lake Ski School wiLL U$e an alphabetical cla •• $ystem (the International CLass System) a$ folLow$:: (A) BEGINNERS,:, Straight Running Straight snowpLow (B) ~ ~ CLASS: (C) -STEM -TURN CLASS:. Snowp low Turn Traverse Stem Turn Side S l ipp ing 17 (D) STEM CHRISTIE CLASS: Uphill Christie Stem Chrht ie (£) PARALLEL CHRISTIE CLASS (F) SHORT SWING - ~D£LN CLASS The technique taught in this schoo! shall be the eLeven finished forms of the Amerfcan Ski Technique. The Greate,.. Salt Lake Skn School is a member ski school of Professional Ski Instructors of America (PS/A). PS IA wit L furn ish the Studen t Rating Card of the American Sk ~ Techn ique for aLL students of the Greater SaLt Lake Ski SchooL. These will be issued to the student and wiLt enabLe him to have a compLete record of his progress signed by his instructors. The Student Rating Cardv and the International Class System will be used in conjunction with the United States Ski A'ssoc­iation (USSA) and PS§A UnUor,"1I reaof Program. AU Leveis of testing of the student in this schoo, will be of the American Ski Techniaue ELeven Fin­ished Forms as app~ied to the six Letter classifications of the Interna­tional Class System. Aet testing wiLL be given by a Certified Sk~ tnstructor during the reguLar ski school cLasses as prescribed by the USSA and PSIA'. A person then passing this nat&onal uniform test system would have a rating whereby ~f he were to take Lessons in another part of the United States 9 or in any of the "ve Alpine Countries of Europe. he would be immediateLy p~o.ced &n the pro'per cLasso This program is now being put into ef'eof in major ski schooLs in the United States as it was in Europe last aeasono One week before the schoof is to begin (December 29 1963)p the Dir­ectors and supervisors of the schoo~ wiLL make the final cLass assignmentso CLasses shaLL have twelve students. This alLows for a 10% absentee rate. The student is sent his cLassification assignment and the name of his in­structor. The instructor then calta each student by phone and confirms the class 9 name of the instructor, and informs the student of the area assignment. Once the stUdents are in the ~k' areav pubLic address systems will be used at the main assembly reg iotn o Supervisor. wit l be equipped with two= way radios to enable faster assembly and Location of all cLasseso The International CLass System signs sha~l be used in the assembLy area to designate the cLass assignment spaceo These ahieids wiLt be 18" in diam­eterp they shall be red in coLor with white Lettering. The shield wit~ have a half circle IJll'Cderneath that shaH read "CLass InternationaL." One sign for each tetter of the six classification $ystem wi~l be used. Each instructor wilt have ex smaLL shiegd with hi'a tname. The instructors shall be encouraged to stay with the same cLass through­out the program. However» changes in obviou$ differences of abilities witt be made daiLy during the duration of the program as effectively as possible. Extra instructors will be on hand to handLe problem cases. Students who have difficuLty wilL receive extra heLp other than the usual lesson period. 18 It shaLL be management poLicy to encourage an air of competition between instructors. End of the program awards will be made to students» and a Last day race for alL participants wilL be provided. A ski schooL patch wilL be made available for studentso Instructors shaLL be unifonmed and att wilL be identified by the in­structorsU patch p the certification badge p and the instructors ~ameo The program is of course pre-soLd and pre-paid. It shaLL be the pol­icy of the school to have a no-refund and a no-cancellation cLause on the package. The package and tickets shall be transferabLe - but no refunds. Student s wit l be not i f fed if because of weather or highway condit ions the .choo/s must be canceLLed. Should this occur the student will be abLe to make up the session after the scheduled season ends. Instructors ~ Supervisors: Instructors and supervisors wiLt undergo a continuous training program during the duration of the program. After each ski schooL session D a generaL sk~ school meeting wiLt be held. Job. sheets and training scheduLes wilL be used with aLL personnel. One super­vhor shaLL be used to oversee every 10 to 12 instructors. The directors of the schooL shaLL oversee the entire operation of the school and the program. A complete organizational pLan for the school will be made avail­able to identify the proper command direction of authority for the manage­ment and operation of the schooL. The plan also wiLl identify the coordinating staff functions of the school v i.e0 9 finance g promotion» train­ing » public relations v and transportation. The instructor pay ratings shatg be as folLows: Certified Ski Instructor Associate Ski Instructor Registered Teacher Super'll isotrs 130 per day 121 per day $15 per day 135 per day 19 CONCLUSIONS The data produced in this report dhc4.ases the probLem of phyai.cat fitness for Americans and its relationship to the sport of s/dingo. In the northern latitudes of the United S-tates whelf'e sid areas are located near large centers of pop~iationo it is feLt that the mass ski $choo~ program will be an important aspect of winter recreation. With a 2vOOO percent increase in siding since the end of World War 11', skiing wi~[I, con­tinue to expand as wilL the need for mass ski school program.s o The report studies the history of certification of ski teac~er.s and indicates that the future mails ski school operations should be administered and I$uperv hed and taught by profess ionala.. A three'"'year 1$ tudy of the mass ski school programs in the cities of PortLand; Seattle and Spokane p Wash­ington v has proven that the mass ski school is successful on a paid-and­charged professional ba.si.~ A study and evaLuation of the mass ski school situation gn the Utah popuLation areas shows that a potentia& and demand exist. Based on the knowtedp. gained from the ski schools in the Northwest D the Directors of the Greater Salt Lake Ski SchooL have formuLated a mass ski $choo& pLan of organization and administration. The directors are now seeking th~ nec­essary sponsorship for the promotion and publicity of a pilot mass ski school in the SaLt Lake VaHey. This plan for a school is to be in fuU operation by the winter of 1963=64 for an estimated 1,500 to 2 p OOO ska school students of al~ ega. ~~d abilities. The necessary transportation is avaiLabLe for this project and the schooL is now investig«fing the Utah ski areas for a suitable ski area to locate the school o The seLection of an area witL depend upon faciLities for beginning and intermedtate v and advanced skff, sLopes.. It wilt depend upon uphiU lift facilities and partic&lial"'ty rope tows for amaLt beginning skierso· ALso to be considered wiLl be cafe feria and restroom faciLities and ade­quate parking space for bus.es. The ski area wouLd be expected to prepare the beginning and intermed~ (ate ski atopes and seLL the lift tickeh to the students at the area. Df, is recommended that the sk& area charge the normaL lift prices. It ia feLt that for the program to be effective a fai.r rate should be charged by the transportation company and ski area management. Since the transportation companies and tift a~d ski area deveLopments require a high €nveatment and maintenance factor g it is eKpected that these eLements of the program shouLd rece ive a reasonab Le rate of prof it., However~ it should be realized that because of a high voLume of peopLe some charges can be 20 reduced to a minimum in certain phases of operation - namely sid instruc-­tion which requires littLe or no capital investment •. In concLusion this pLan can only be effective with the combined community effort and cooperation: Civic groupsg newspapersp ski organ­izations, parents g and the ski industryo This report has been submitted in the best interest of the community weLfare and for the sport of skiing. 21 INTERMOUNTAIN SKI INSTRUCTORS ASSOCIATION SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF CASH RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS JUNE 30, 1962 AND JUNE 30, 1963 RECEIPTS: Dues Temporary Permits Examination Fees Clinic Fees Fines Pins Misce1lcmeolls Registration Total Receipts DISBURSEMENTS: Accounting Advertising Board of Directors Clinic Examination Expense Examiners Fees Flowers and Gifts N S A Participation Office Supplies Pins Postage Printing Stenographic Telephone Travel Miscellaneous Returned Checks Total Disbursements Excess of Disbursements Over Receipts ----~------ JUNE 30, 1962 $1,039,00 250,00 1,490,00 500,00 10,00 39,00 83,00 0 $3 2 41LOO $ 170,23 41,00 379,65 54L90 197,70 1,145,00 20,54 105,00 32,78 57,68 32,16 82,77 327,78 128,33 337,60 215,72 80,00 $3,895,84 $ 484,84 JUNE 30, 1963 $1,332,00 0 1,180,00 490,00 20,00 23,50 0 260,00 $3,305,50 $ 159,00 74,76 130,80 424,08 113,96 810,00 25,78 0 194,11 138,43 29,23 22,55 494,47 79,27 367,74 284.47 25,00 $3,373,65 $ 68,15 INTERMOlINTAIN SKI INSTRUCTORS ASSOCIATION SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH RECONCILEMENT OF CASH AT JUNE 30, 1963 Cash Balance, June 30~ 1962 Cash Receipts Deposited Cash Disbursements Cash Balance. June 30, 1963 $ 320,45 3.354,00 $3,674,45 3,422,15 $ 252,30 INTERMOUNTAIN SKI INSTRUCTORS ASSOCIATION SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF CASH RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS JUNE 30, 1962 AND JUNE 30, 1963 RECEIPTS: Dues Temporary Permits Examination Fees Clinic Fees Fines Pins Misce1lcmeolls Registration Total Receipts DISBURSEMENTS: Accounting Advertising Board of Directors Clinic Examination Expense Examiners Fees Flowers and Gifts N S A Participation Office Supplies Pins Postage Printing Stenographic Telephone Travel Miscellaneous Returned Checks Total Disbursements Excess of Disbursements Over Receipts ----~------ JUNE 30, 1962 $1,039,00 250,00 1,490,00 500,00 10,00 39,00 83,00 0 $3 2 41LOO $ 170,23 41,00 379,65 54L90 197,70 1,145,00 20,54 105,00 32,78 57,68 32,16 82,77 327,78 128,33 337,60 215,72 80,00 $3,895,84 $ 484,84 JUNE 30, 1963 $1,332,00 0 1,180,00 490,00 20,00 23,50 0 260,00 $3,305,50 $ 159,00 74,76 130,80 424,08 113,96 810,00 25,78 0 194,11 138,43 29,23 22,55 494,47 79,27 367,74 284.47 25,00 $3,373,65 $ 68,15 INTERMOlINTAIN SKI INSTRUCTORS ASSOCIATION SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH RECONCILEMENT OF CASH AT JUNE 30, 1963 Cash Balance, June 30~ 1962 Cash Receipts Deposited Cash Disbursements Cash Balance. June 30, 1963 $ 320,45 3.354,00 $3,674,45 3,422,15 $ 252,30