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Title	NOx Reduction by Low Pressure Steam Addition
Creator	Loftus, Jordan
Publisher	Digitized by J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah
Date	1995
Spatial Coverage	presented at Monterey, California
Abstract	A steam superheater furnace on the Gulf coast failed NOx/CO compliance. It has twin celled radiant boxes with a common convection section and 10 fan. The cells are horizontally fired from the side walls, centered about 13" above the inside floor, using 64 NO combination gas-oil burners. Only gas firing is practiced. A 4 foot high target radiant wall is placed 4' 4" feet in front of the burner. The lowest of the radiant tubes located adjacent to the side walls is 6' 1" above the inside floor. Previous EPA sanctioned testing indicated 0.19 Lb NOx / MMBtu HHV and 0 ppmVCO at 3.8% oxygen dry; an identical furnace tested O.11 Lb / MMBtu HHV and 613 ppmV CO @ 2.7% all measured at the stack. A maintenance and air register adjustment program achieved 0.11 to 0.13 Lb NOx / MMBtu HHV and 15-19 ppmV CO at 1.8-2.2 % oxygen dry measured at the arch. Compliance required less than 0.10 Lb NOx / MMBtu HHV. The pressure control valve on the 150 PSIG steam header to the oil guns was replaced by a globe valve and the steam-oil mixer removed from each oil gun. Operation was requested to maintain the heater steady as feasible without effecting the overall performance of the unit. The test team controlled only the air register positions and the steam header pressure. The 0.10 NOx value was achieved at steam header pressure of 6.4 PSIG using 0.32 Ib steam per Ib fuel gas and 0.08 NOx value at 13.1 PSIG using 0.57 Ib steam per Ib fuel gas for oxygen concentrations of 1.6 to 1.8% dry at the arch. These results should not be generalized to other burn volume-sink surface spatial arrangements, burner configurations or other oxygen levels nor is directly applicable to adjusting for humidity.
Type	Text
Format	application/pdf
Language	eng
Rights	This material may be protected by copyright. Permission required for use in any form. For further information please contact the American Flame Research Committee.
Conversion Specifications	Original scanned with Canon EOS-1Ds Mark II, 16.7 megapixel digital camera and saved as 400 ppi uncompressed TIFF, 16 bit depth.
Scanning Technician	Cliodhna Davis
ARK	ark:/87278/s6tt4tjv
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	8921
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6tt4tjv

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Title	Page 20
Format	application/pdf
OCR Text	Show I.e Nox Reduction by Low Pressure Steam Addition" Based on the guessed steam pressure leaving the nozzle holes, its temperature is calculated based on Joule-Thomson expansion on row 40 and the sonic velocity, on row 46. Assuming that all the kinetic energy entering the holes is dissipated, the mass velocity is calculated on Row 54, and the linear velocity on row 54. The ratio of the flow equation velocity is taken on row 57 and the guessed pressure on row 54 updated if needed. The ratio of guess to calculated mass rate on row 59 is the basis to updating the guessed value of row 1 4. · A T 3 1 EST1MA TE OF STEAM RATES 3 2 Leaving gun nozzles 3 3 Hv Ivg,Btu/# 3 4 Guess P,PSIA 3 5 Hvap sat,Btu/# 3 6 Sat. Oeg. F. 3 7 Sp. Vol. vap sat,CF/# 3 8 Del H SPHT 3 9 Cp bar (300F-sat) 4 0 T leaving Gun,F 4 1 ovvap/ot 4 2 vvap sphtd ,CF/# 4 3 Density,pcf 4 4 (oP/orho)@T 4 5 Cp/Cv 4 6 Sonic velocity,fps 4 7 NOZZLE DATA 4 8 # Holes 4 9 Size # 5 0 10, inches 5 1 a= Total Area, in"2 5 2 Cv (UO>0.75) 5 3 MASS FlOW RATE 5 4 Vol. Flow, CFH 5 5 Leaving Velocity, fps 5 6 > SONIC? 5 7 FPS CALC'O/SONIC 5 8 Steam Rate, Lb/Hrl 5 9 LB/HR CALC'O/Guess For Page a-3: F T G ALGORITHM FOR COLUMN F CONTO 1186 .6 =G26 34 .35 34 .35000694 1166.5 =$1$33""G$34"G$34+$J$33"G$34+$K$33 257 .5 =$1$31"G$34"2+$J$31·G$34+$K$31 1 2.271 =$1$34" G$34" 3+$J$ 34" G$34"2+$ K$34 "G$34+$ L$34 20.1 =G33-G35 0.5009 =($1$3 r'G$34"2+$J$37" G$34+$ K$3 7) 297 .7 =G36+(G33-G35)/G39 0.0174 =$1$38G$34"2+$J$38"G$34+$K$38 12 .97 =G37+(G40-G36rG41 0.0771 =1/G42 428 .5 =$1$40G40" 2+$J$40""G40+$K$40 1.282 =G39"18 .016/(G39"18.016-1.986) 1 ,595 =(32.17"G45"144"G44)"0.5 6 6 3 7 3 7 0.1040.104 0.0510 =G48"PIO"G50"2/4 0 .8500 0.8500 2034 .2 =2406.5"G51·G52."((G9-G34)/G43)"0 .5 1596.4 =144"G54/3600/G51 YES =IF(G55>G46, "YES", "NO") 1 .001 =G55/G46 156.al=G54"G43 1 .000 =G58/G14 Rows 3 to 8 are taken from the steam tables for saturation data for PSIA > 40 not shown.) Pressure ranges are shown on rows 31 to 40 columns Nand O. The vapor enthalpy and specific volume at 300°F are tabulated in rows 10 and 1 2. The average Jordan Loftus SeD Page A-2
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	8916
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6tt4tjv/8916