Graphical man/machine communications: May 1969

Semi-Annual Technical Report 1 December 1968 - 30 May 1969

*AD700097* AD700097 • N One Source. One Search. One Solution. GRAPHICAL MAN/MACHINE COMMUNICATIONS UTAH UN IV SALT LAKE CITY 1969 u.s. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service One Source. One Search. One Solution. Providing Permanent, Easy Access to U.S. Government Information The National Technical Information Service is the Nation's largest repository and disseminator of government-initiated scientific, technical, engineering, and related business information. The NTIS collection includes almost 3 million information products in a variety of formats: electronic download, online access, DVD, CD-ROM, magnetic tape, diskette, multimedia, microfiche and paper. Search the NTIS Database from 1990 forward More than 600,000 government research information products have been added to the NTIS collection since 1990. All bibliographic entries for those products are searchable on the NTIS Web site at www.ntis.gov. Download Publications (1997 . Present) NTIS provides the full text of many reports received since 1997 as downloadable PDF files. When an agency stops maintaining a report on its Web site, NTIS still offers a downloadable version . There is a fee for each download of most publications. For more information visit our website: www.ntis.gov u.s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Technology Administration National Technical Information Service Springfield. VA 22161 RADe - TR - 69 - 247 SEMI-ANNUAL TECHNICAL REPORT 1 December 1968 - 30 May 1969 GRAPHICAL · MAN/MACHINE COMMUNICATIONS ~ . Contractor: University of Utah Contract Number: AF30 (602) -4277 Effective Date of Contract: May 20,1966 Contract Expiration Date: November 30, 1970 Amount of Contract: $5,028,542 Program Code Number: .6030 Principal Investig.tor: David C. Ev.ns Phone: [phone] Proiect Engineer: David A~ Luther Phone: [phone] Sponsored . by Advanced Research Projects Agency ARPA Order No. 829 ROME AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND GR!fflSS AIR FORCE RASE NEW YORK SEMI-ANNUAL TECHNICAL REPORT 1 December 1968 - 30 May 1969 David C. Evans University of Utah This document has been approved for public release and sale; its distribution is unlimited. This research was supported by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense and was monitored by David A. Luther, RADe, GAFB, N.Y. 13440 under Contract AF30(602)-4277. Part I. Summary of Research Activities. A. The Use of Graphics in the Solution of Partial Differential Equations. Harvey Greenfield,Coprincipal Investigator. A phase space analysis of nonlinear differential equations has been developed so that any second or third order autonomous differential equation may be considered. Solutions are dis­played upon a CRT terminal in the form of trajectories. It is possible for one to change system parameter values as well as initial conditions of the problem so that a complete phase space coverage may be quickly obtained. The resulting program has been used to examine nonlinear point nuclear reactor kinetics problems. It is possible to examine interactively various forms of solutions of the linear approximation, phase space solutions, particular solutions as functions of the independent variable, and the solutions of the canonical formulation. It is also possible to change step sizes in the algorithms, to change regions of interest, to display important functions, and to perform parametric studies. In particular, results were obtained for reactivities which were functions of temperature and the gas xenon. An attempt at solving the general second order non-autonomous differential equation is presently being formed. The attempt to develop numerical solutions to the equations for non-isothermal flow of constant density fluid up to and through a tube entrance with various contractions and expansions is continuing. The main program used to solve the momentum and energy equations has been revised to handle situations dependent upon program input parameters. Included are particular combinations of stream tubes (no friction at a wall) and real tubes (friction at a wall). The revision involves non-Newtonian viscosity as formed by the power-law model; }lowever, employment of the Powell-Eyring three parameter model is contemplated, as well as temperature-dependent viscosity. Inclusion of such -2 ·- terms causes coupling of the momentum and energy equations, hence the study will be complicated and greatly extended. As part of the hemodynamic studies employing computer simulation techniques an attempt was made to study the renal region-abdominal aortic bifurcation area as an entity for sites of lesions caused by turbulence factors. It was found that presence of the renal region caused vortices formed at the abdominal aortic bifurcation to move further downstream and to completely fill both channels. Present computer algorithms are being re-analyzed with the hope of adding vibratory analysis. In turn, an attempt is being made to employ the same program to analyze several artificial heart vaJ.ve types preparatory to input of airfoil theory for design requirements. Interestingly enough, spinoff from the phase space analysis, previously mentioned, is being contemplated wherein the methodology of solution display may be utilized in the application of the interactive viscoelastic equations for muscle, elastin, and collagen in the arterial wall. B. Left Ventricular Dynamics Project. Homer K. warner, Coprincipal Investigator. At the onset of the period covered by this report we had successfully defined the apparent border of the dye filled left ventricle using a digital computer system. Off-line digitized information obtained from 35 mm film taken of the fluoroscopic image orthocon views of the heart was used as raw data. Our objective during the current year has been to provide on-line digitization of the video picture of the opacified left .ventricle, to adapt the computer algorithms previously tested to the on-line system and to implement a study of left ventricular dynamics with the system. Our video/computer interface has been completed and tested. The functions of this video/computer interface have previously been reported and the following will describe in some detail the implementation of these functions. -3- The video image of the opacified left ventricle is recorded on a videodisc and is displayed on a standard TV monitor via the video/computer interface. (Note that video information from other sources such as a video tape, a TV camera, etc. may be similarly displayed.), The interface incorporates circuitry to amplify the video signal, strip off synchronization signals, mix the incoming video with cursor to be displayed on the monitor and provide the video input to a sample and hold' amplifier. The stripped sync signals are used to trigger ramp generators. Vertical and horizontal ramp voltages are compared with voltages which are the analog representation of the movement of two potentiometers mounted at right angles to each other in an enclosure. (The complete potentiometer assembly is identified as a mouse and can be moved about on a plain surface.) One potentiometer represents the X-axis while the other represents the Y-axis. At least once during each video field there will be a point at which the ramp voltages will coincide with the voltage representing the X-Y positions of the potentiometers. At this point a bright spot or cursor will appear on the monitor. By moving the mouse about the operator can trace the apparent border of the left ventricle or other object on the monitor. On command from the operator 'chose cursor locations to be "remembered" are loaded into the digital computer via the analog to digital converter. A horizontal line count correlates the Y-axis value with a specific horizontal line in a given field. On a different set of comparators, computer determined analog voltage levels are fed to the video/computer interface and compared with the vertical and horizontal ramp voltages. ~..;rhencoincidence occurs the computer defined point appears on the video monitor. Since the computer can output a new value for each horizontal line of video trace, a continuous outline or image can be made to appear on the monitor. After the coordinates of those points which define the location of the apparent border of the left ventricle have been ·-4- stored in the computer, the computer then directs the digitizing of video grey levels in the vicinity of that border which it will subsequently use to calculate or search out the "true" border. The method by which this was done was described above; that is, the computer outputs the analog levels via the digital to analog converter which defines the coordinates of the desired point and these levels are compared with the horizontal and vertical ramp voltages. W~en coincidellce between these volt~ges occurs a sample and hold amplifier is strobed, holds the grey level corresponding to that point, and transfers this into the computer Vla the analog to digital converter. The present state of the system permits us to read these video levels into the computer but the algorithms for doing the border search have not yet been adapted to the on-line techniques for obtaining the video information. C. Computer-Aided Design. C. Stephen Carr, coprincipal investigator. The geometrical modeling system for computer-aided design, constructed under the direction of C. S. Carr, has been imple­mented and provides commands for the building of three­dimensional objects by the implementation of cubes, cylinders, and other basic spaceforms. The system is operating on the Univac 1108 with most co~nands being provided by teletype. The system has been used experimen"tally in the ship machinery layout design project and by Dr. Henry Christiansen's structural engineering group in connection with a general purpose frame analysis program. It is projected that in the next period of time this system will be transferred to the PDP-IO computer where better human interaction will be possible and several design projects will be undertaken to test the system by demon­strating the solution of actual problems through its use. -5- D. Graphics Techniques. David C. Evans, principal investigator. In th~field of graphics techniques research, the work has been in two areas. One is the generation of halftone perspective pictures of three-dimensional objects; the work has been reported in technical reports and publications. l The second area of research has been in the design and imple­mentation of a programming language and interpretive system for h . . 2 grap lC progranuolng. lRomney, G. W., ~ri]atkins, G. S., and Evans, D. C. "Real-Time Display of Computer-Generated Half-Tone Perspective Images," IFIPS Conference 1968, pp. E72-79 . . Warnock, J. E. "A Hidden Surface Algorithm for Computer Generated Halftone Pictures," Computer Science Technical Report 4-15, University of Utah, June 1969. 2 . Newman, W. 1'1. "A High-Level Programming System for a Remote Time-Shared Graphics Terminal," Pertinent Concepts in Computer Graphics, Urbana, Illinois, April 1969. -6-- Part II. Facilities A new research computing facility has been installed, which provides most of the computing services for the research. A block diagram of this system is shown on the following page. This system is operated with the time-sharing processor providing terminal service on an essentially continuous basis and the single-user processor being scheduled for dedicated use for particular research requirements. Note that the memory system is common to the two processors and the address and port switches can be set so as t6 provide two essentially independent systems or direct communication by means of shared memory. At the present time some components of this system have not been connected. These include the remote facilities at Montana State University and the University of Utah Medical Center, the Evans and Sutherland processor, the RPIO with RP02 disk drive file system, the link to the Univac 1108, and the Univac display subsystem. :" :':1 _ IT:: :, :':~~::" .:: ~-""" " ~ . 1 ! ~- c~:- :, ..T:"..,' ·, . ~'J . :"l I;~I ' . ;;-j '-:-:-;. r-e~ COMPUTER SYSTEM INFORMATION RESEARCH LABORATORY UNIVERSITY OF UTAH --.lCl ~ y-' r E L.;:·I Part III. Index of technical reports published during the period 1 December 1968 - 30 May 1969 Bessou, P. and Perl, E. "Response of Cutaneous R2ceptors with Unmyelinated Afferent Fibers to Noxious Stimuli," J. Neure. Physio. (in press). Brauer, C. R. "A Computer Progra_m to Plot an Isometric Projection of a Solution Space Surface," Computer Science Technical Report 4-9, University of Utah, March 1969. Carr r C. S., Luther, D. A., and Erdmann, S. "The Tree-i1eta Compiler-Compiler Systenl," Compu"ter Science Technical Report 4-12, University of Utah, March 1969. Dobelle, W. H. and Beer, M. "Chemically Cleaved Graphite Support Films for Electron Microscopy," Journal of Cell Biology, 1968, XXXIX, 3, 733-735. Greenfield, H. "Computer Analysis for Prosthetic Heart Valves," Prosthetic Heart Valves, Springfield, Illinois: Thomas and Co., Hay 19-69. - Greenfield, H. and Brauer, C. "Hemodynamic Studies Involving a Computer Simulation Technique," Proceedings: Institute of Electrical I~~.9 ineers (Great BritaTr1)"";" LI-,-i969. ---- Newman, 'ilL N. "1\ Hi gh-Level Programming System for a Remote Time--Shared Graphics 'l'crminal," Pertinent Concepts in Computer Graph_ics, Urbana, Illinois, April 196-9: Perl, E. and Christensen, B. N. "Unique Excitation of Cells at the Margin of the Spinal Horn by Cutaneous Receptors," Federation Proceedings, XXVIII, 1969, 276. Reed, A. C. "A Method of Extending Fortran V for the Interactive Continuous Simulation Language," Computer Science Technical Report 4-10, University of Utah, December 1968. Romney, G. W., Watkins, G. S., and Evans, D. C. "Real-Time Display of Computer-Generated Half-Tone Perspective Images," IFIPS Conference 1968, pp. E72-79. Stockham, T. G. "Applications of the Fast Fourier Transform," (to be published in the second special issue on the FFT by IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustics). -8- -9- Stockham, T. G. "Natural Information Compression with a Quantitative Error Hodel," Pertinent Concepts in Compnter -----=----s-, Urbana, Illinois, April 196"9. Warnock, J. E. "The Hidden Line Problem and the Use of Hal Displays," Pertinent Concepts In Computer Graphics, Urbana, Illinois, April 1969", I Semi-Annual Technical Report David C. Evans 30 )\1ay .~_9_6_9_ _________- J.1_7D_'_T_(:'''''AL ~o. 0,,''''''GE5 ~ .. t NO. OF3"EFS --] Y,..."...eo-.-,c,....,O-',-·T--".-.- C-,-·-O -" - G-"·- A- N·-T--N-O-. ~..o. OIlIGINATQH"S IcLPOI1T Nu·...: .. s£rllS ) ------- ,G . REPORT DATE AF30(602)-4277 b. PROJECT NO. ARPA Order No. 829 c.Program Code Number 6D30 d. 1.0' DISTR'DUTIQN STATEMeNT SA-TR-6 , ~:HE" REPonT NCIS) (Any ;;11'0' ""mbe,s :.11 •• / :nay /)0 u •• lar,od U,I:J report) RADC-TR-69-247 This document has been approved for public release and sale; its distribution is unlimited. 11. SUF'PLEMEHTARY NOTES Monitored by Rome Air Development Center (EMIl) I Griffiss Air Force -=-]3a~~qeVJ York 13440 13. ABSTRACT 12. SPONSOHING MILl' ARY ACTIVITY Advanced Research Projects Agency Washington, D. C. 20301 The document includes a surrunaryof research activities and facilities at the University of Utah. Reports are given on an operational computer-aided design system for three-dimensional structures, programs in the modeling of artificial heart valves and human aortic circulation, and successful operation of the graphically aided system for extracting physical measurements of the left ventricle from fluoroscopic images. Reports are given of improved algorithms and programs for the generation of shaded perspective pictures of three-dimensional objects and of a high level programming system for remote time­shared graphics terminals. A .bibliography of technical reports published during the period is included. D J;~ F01IU "J ") ~7 ~ llJ I NOV 65 I t... oJ Unclassified Security Cla55i:-;r:-:ic- aC"ti-o-n----- - - - S ::a.c:..:::c... ~: .:: 3. '2;, i c s :) ':.O?hy 5 i cs c~::diac ::"2 ::-:: vei1~r icle :;::luoroscopic: KEY wORDS progra:n." . ling language perspective three-dimensional artificial· heart aor~a Ii phase space nuclear reactor kinetics non-isothermal flow non-Newtonian viscosity hemodyna1l\.ic algorithms cOillputer-aided design structural analysis .. _-fC !! C!'?L ·; (t·~"~""'A~~ ~I· -~~L~'-N~><-~:~'>~: X~C-- ~ Ff:OLl:: 1 'liT ROLl:: WT HOL!:: VlT I I i ! I i I I i I Unclassified SecurilY Cla ~si jic:.li,)n .1 I i ~ ,~ ~ ~ i ~ I .~ 1 ;-: ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ J i ~ I " ~ r. ~ i ~ /. ~ I, 1-I ,~ ~ \: ,~ ~ .. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ... -c.z.C.. 1&1 II: cC en 1&1 ...I cC e..n. ...I cC • Reproduced by N ItS National Technical Information Service Springfield, VA 22161 This report was printed specifically for your order from nearly 3 million titles available in our collection. For economy and efficiency. NTIS does not maintain stock of its vast collection of technical reports. Rather, most documents are custom reproduced for each order. 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