Intergrated dual band GSM microstrip monopole using GA and FDTD

The genetic algorithm (GA) has been used extensively by the electromagnetic community [1]. Much of that work has been to develop compact broad and multiband antennas. Microstrip antennas have been optimized with the GA for polarized, dual band operation [2]. Building solid microstrip structures with non-symmetric shapes gives a bandwidth up to four times that of the standard microstrip antenna [3]. The method can be extended further to design multi-band microstrip antennas [4]. Other possible optimization parameters could include changing the dielectric substrate, its thickness, weight, cost, etc., to gain the best results [5]. The GA was recently used to design planar monopole antennas with good results [6]. This paper adds to the previous work by integrating the antenna into a dielectric substrate. This is extremely useful for designing internal antennas for modem mobile phones. The antenna design is created by the GA and analyzed using the FDTD method.