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Title	Assessment of Trace Organic Emissions Test Results from the Montgomery Count South MWC in Dayton, Ohio
Creator	Lanier, W. Steven; von Alten, T. Robert; Kilgroe, James D.
Publisher	Digitized by J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah
Date	1990
Spatial Coverage	presented at San Francisco, California
Abstract	This paper provides an evaluation of the formation and removal of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (CDD/CDF) at various locations throughout the Montgomery County South municipal waste incinerator in Dayton, Ohio. The Montgomery County facility is a mass burn refractory incinerator which consists of an ignition chamber, rotary kiln, mixing chamber, conditioning (quench) chamber, electrostatic precipitator (ESP), and stack. Three tests at each of six different test conditions were conducted to evaluate the effects of ESP inlet temperature, sorbent injection, and combustion temperature on pollutant formation and emission. The test results indicated two sources of CDD/CDF formation: the combustor upstream of the mixing chamber and the ESP. Based on an analysis of CDD/CDF concentration reductions across the mixing chamber it is postulated that CDD/CDF leaving the combustor was associated predominantly with entrained particulate matter (PM) with particle sizes greater than 10 J.l.m. Indicated CDD/CDF formation rates within the ESP were highly dependent on ESP inlet temperature. In tests without sorbent addition (no acid gas control), reducing average ESP inlet temperatures from 571 to 397°F (299 to 203°C) reduced average stack emission of CDD/CDF from 17,100 to 870 ng/dscm at 7% 02. Three tests at poor combustion conditions (low mixing chamber temperature) produced concentrations of CDD/CDF at the ESP inlet and stack that were similar to those produced by comparable good combustion tests. However, the concentration of CDD/CDF in collected fly ash from the poor combustion tests was nearly double that from comparable good combustion tests. Furnace injection of limestone at an ESP inlet temperature of 391°F (199°C) resulted in a moderate increase in average CDD/CDF emission of 1480 ng/dscm as compared with 870 ng/dscm during tests at an ESP inlet temperature of 397°F (203°C) without sorbent injection. This is believed to be due to lower ESP performance during limestone injection tests. Furnace sorbent injection tests of limestone at an ESP inlet temperature of 298°F (148°C) resulted in average stack emissions of 670 ng/dscm. Tests with duct injection of hydrated lime at 306°F (152°C) ESP inlet temperature provided the best results with average CDD/CDF emissions of 57 ng/dscm. The work presented in this paper was supported by funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory and the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Type	Text
Format	application/pdf
Language	eng
Rights	This material may be protected by copyright. Permission required for use in any form. For further information please contact the American Flame Research Committee.
Conversion Specifications	Original scanned with Canon EOS-1Ds Mark II, 16.7 megapixel digital camera and saved as 400 ppi uncompressed TIFF, 16 bit depth.
Scanning Technician	Cliodhna Davis
ARK	ark:/87278/s6h997rf
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	6163
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6h997rf

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Title	Page 13
Format	application/pdf
OCR Text	Show significance or for which the effects are unknown include the high level of particulate matter surface area for particles smaller than 10 J..lm, the suspected high levels of heavy hydrocarbons, and the possible effects of the ESP materials of construction. The ESP is constructed of Cor-Ten, a low alloy steel with 0.25 to 0.4% copper. The bench scale results of CDD/CDF formation in MWC fly ash by Hagenmaier et a1. indicated that CDD/CDF is formed by a fly ash catalyzed reaction with chlorine (C12) in the presence of surplus oxygen (02) at 572°F (300°C).6 The reaction is catalyzed by metals, and copper has been shown to be a very effective catalyst. Stieglitz and Vogg's experiments on the formation of test CDD/CDF on fly ash demonstrated the importance of temperature and of oxygen and moisture content of the gases passing over MWC fly ash in a heated bench scale reactor.7 They found that maximum CDD/CDF formation occurred at 572°F (300°C). At 572°F (300°C) increases in the oxygen content from 1 to 10% increased the amount of CDD/CDF formed in the fly ash from 100 to 1200%. The addition of moisture to the gas further increased the amount of formation to 2200%. The results from Montgomery County confirm these findings. CDD/CDF formation at Montgomery County is temperature dependent with highest indicated formation rates near 572°F (30QoC). The facility has a high level of surface area available for catalytic reactions entering the ESP which is constructed with a small amount of copper. The facility operates at a high moisture (26-40%) and high oxygen content (12-15%). All of these factors possibly contribute to the high levels of CDD/CDF formed in the ESP. Effects of Combustion Condition and Sorbent Injection Combustion conditions did not appear to have an appreciable effect on the furnace emissions of CDD/CDF as measured by concentrations in the mixing chamber. CDD/CDF concentrations were not measured during test condition 1 runs. However, a comparison of CDD/CDF concentration during runs for tests without sorbent injection (conditions 2 and 6) indicated comparable concentrations of CDD/CDF in the mixing chamber. Comparison of data from test conditions 1 (normal combustion) and 6 (poor combustion) also indicated comparable concentrations of CDD/CDF at the ESP inlet. For those two test conditions the average stack concentrations of CDD/CDF on a weight basis were marginally higher for the normal combustion tests (17,100 ng/dscm) than for the poor combustion tests (14,800 ng/dscm). On a toxic equivalent basis the average CDD/CDF concentrations in the stack were marginally higher for the poor combustion tests (118 ng/dscm) than for the normal combustion tests (103 ng/dscm). The higher 13
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	6159
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6h997rf/6159