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Title	Oxygen Enhancement of the Incineration Process
Creator	Gitman, Gregory M.; Khudenko, Boris M.; Wechsler, Thomas
Publisher	Digitized by J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah
Date	1987
Spatial Coverage	presented at Palm Springs, California
Abstract	A hazardous waste incineration facility must provide levels of destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) for the principal organic hydrocarbons (POHC) as specified by the regulatory requirements. In the longer view , an incineration facility must be both environmentally safe and economical. Economics is largely determined by the throughput capacity and on-line availability of a waste incineration facility. Continuous operation at maximum throughput capacity while meeting required destruction efficiency (DE) means operating over a wide range of variable conditions caused largely by random fluctuations in the feed rate and composition of wastes. Conventional combustion process control for incinerators has a limited capability to identify and respond to such variations in a manner which will prevent system upsets and subsequent transient release of PICs and POHCs into the environment. Operational failures of an incinerator are typically caused by deviations in process operating parameters such as temperature, residence time or the amount of available oxygen. Modern instrumentation and advances in incinerator design have provided improved control of these operating parameters through the earlier and more sensitive recognition of the events that lead to these deviations. Unfortunately, the conventional combustion aproaches which are utilized for incineration have generic limitations in their ability to recover from operational upsets. The main reason for this deficiency of conventional combustion, which uses cold air as the sole oxidizer, is that the process parameters of temperature, residence time and the amount of available oxygen are interrelated in such a manner that an increase in one of these parameters in order to intensify thermal destruction reduces the other two operating parameters. Raising the temperature, excess oxygen content or residence time of gaseous combustion products in the incineration chamber in an attempt to accelerate the combustion process will accordingly lead to the deterioration in the other two operating parameters. This paper describes an advancement in the use of oxygen in combustion which can overcome many of the deficiencies of the c onv entiona l combustion used in incineration.
Type	Text
Format	application/pdf
Language	eng
Rights	This material may be protected by copyright. Permission required for use in any form. For further information please contact the American Flame Research Committee.
Conversion Specifications	Original scanned with Canon EOS-1Ds Mark II, 16.7 megapixel digital camera and saved as 400 ppi uncompressed TIFF, 16 bit depth.
Scanning Technician	Cliodhna Davis
ARK	ark:/87278/s6d2216s
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	4247
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6d2216s

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Title	Page 4
Format	application/pdf
OCR Text	Show AN ADVANCED METHOD OF OXYGEN USE IN COMBUSTION American Combustion, Inc. (ACI) specializes in the engineering and fabrication of customized combustion equipment f or various applications wherein oxygen utilization is optimized. ACI initiated, in late 1984, a research and development effort aimed at developing technology to overcome the limitations related to oxygen utilization in waste incineration processes. The optimization of the incineration process by the use of ACI 's patented pyretron™ technology has led to the development of the Pyretron Thermal Destruction System and several additional patent applications covering this waste incineration system. The pyretron Thermal Destruction System uses a computerized process controller for dynamic incineration process control. Auxiliary Pyretron air / oxygen/ fuel burners are utilized in the primary incineration vessel and the secondary incineration or afterburner vessel. These burners provide for the separate introduction of two oxidizing gases, have high flame luminosity and high flame stability. In addition, these burners can provide hot oxidizing combustion products that can vary rapidly in chemistry and adiabatic flame temperature in order to optimize the operation of the incinerator [3]. The basic pyretron technology uses a parallel staged combustion approach based on independent and accurate control of the introduction in the burner combustion chamber of two distinct oxidizers having significant differences in oxygen content to provide: -a higher level of flame pattern controllability; -optimization of the amount ' of fuel, oxygen and heat input in the pyrolytic zone responsible for high flame luminosity and enhanced combustion stability; -intensive mixing of fuel and oxidizer inside the burner tunnel to provide the _ desired expansion of combustion products before they leave the burner tunnel thus insuring high flame velocity and turbulence; -more than 10/1 turndown ratio; -more than 600% excess oxygen when needed for the process without a loss of combustion efficiency and flame stability; -reductions in the level of excess oxygen required for complete combustion by the burner to less than 1%; and -reductions in NOx formation inside the hot central zone of the flame envelope. The system is based upon a new process control algorithm. The essence of this process control algorithm (patent pending) is the capability to control dynamically the amount of ballast nitrogen. Nitrogen typically occupies a major fraction of the conventional incineration combustion chamber and likewise requires a major fraction of the available heat required by the process. The amount of ballast nitrogen can be controlled by dynamically varying the ratio of the two oxidizing gases. Nitrogen is reduced by the substitution of a pure oxygen for a
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	4229
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6d2216s/4229