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Show THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH ACCESSIBILITY TO HIV/ AIDS MEDICATIONS IN REOSURCE-LIIV1ITED COUNTRIES Madeleine Oritt, (Stephen Alder) Department of International Studies Department of Public Health University of Utah a • Ml\ M I A • < Ih. in tpW*«ikii>l ihe 2 0 - „ j ; epidemic, ami people ha* • T1K World llcahhOntanua In low - and middk-incam 'tSS7' n.l..|.i,ll« ' • " " •« died Iran 1 U W A 1 D S since the start of the lUon people Uv« wtlb the vLrui today. ^ r t o T r . * * C C I > I D E Ufai HIV/AIDS mrdieaiMu for populations in resource-lirni well as other factors thai affect, whether beneficially or d accessibility lo these medications. i>r lorcclrd people laving treatment OD .... .1 (0 Accessibility to HIV/AIDS Medications in Resource-Limited Countries Madeleine Oritt and Stephen Alder, Ph.D. Departments of International Studies & Family and Preventive Medicine u THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH I'Aaccrbalinn laclors ((irruption The Patent Pool Process for Antiretrovirals .a Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) of a * World Trade Organization agreement aodaid, for proiretion of inirlkctua • Established QnDimuai produce and datnbu by the patent holder, u ^ Z ^ fS period or ,.,01 p. '.'riii™tod>f!rodd. "££ tloped e, "pn 'i z vide a comprehensive set N O as 20 yran cense granted vdlunLmls "JllCtCZU. Positive Players in the Accessibility Movement drug, more affordabli ' QrokmitniJlottwKin This research examines the impact of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) on accessibility to HIV/AIDS medications for populations in resource-limited countries. This World Trade Organization agreement created provisions by which these countries can obtain or manufacture HIV/AIDS drugs at reduced prices, but also affirmed the intellectual property rights of pharmaceutical companies over their drugs. To achieve a thorough understanding of its impact, several other factors that affect accessibility to HIV/AIDS medications, beneficially or detrimentally, were analyzed and compared to the TRIPS agreement; these factors include foreign aid, drug pricing inequality, patent pools, independent actions of drug companies, and political pressure. Research was conducted through literary review, using primary sources including academic articles, news and magazine articles and information from governmental organizations like the World Trade Organization and the World Health Organization. This research recognizes the detrimental effect of the TRIPS agreement on accessibility of HIV/AIDS medications globally. However, the analysis of the aforementioned factors illuminates the positive effects of multiple other actors and organizations, which may negate, partially or fully, the ramifications of the TRIPS agreement.Thus, this research concludes fundamental factors, including physical obstacles like a lack of infrastructure and dispersal of HIV/AIDS-affected populations in rural areas, social obstacles like ethnic fractionalization and stigma, and political obstacles like government corruption, inefficiency and lack of economic prosperity, have the most deleterious effect upon HIV/AIDS drug accessibility. Instead of focusing on the TRIPS agreement as a singular determinant, these deep-rooted issues must take precedence and will require more time, cooperation and political will to change on a national and global level. Until the affected countries are willing to assume responsibility for drug accessibility and the fundamental issues that affect it, it will be impossible to realize widespread progress toward treating HIV/AIDS in resource-limited populations. • SlriDcnl palcol pro orjaoizatJonj may n HIV/AIDS drug acces - Fb) iical obstacles Conclusion ^Sm^z!^ effects of multiple ofbe ibitay. I^ckorinfmstructiirt Dispersal of HIV/AlDS-a Heeled populaii Social obstacles Ethnic fractionalization Stigma Political obstacles Government c om Lack of economic • Ihcse dcep-roolcd issut wUI to change on a noli ptran and inefficiency prosperity '*£$££!" ility. r participants and ramifkalions of patent erealcsl advrne impact on m s in rural areas cooperation and po,,,*, • Until affected countries take responsibility for drut accessibility and the rtmdaintotal issues thai affect It. it will be impossible lo realize widespread 21 |
