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Show .12 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. SUPPRESSION OF THE LIQUOR TRAFFIC. The use of intoxicating liquor is an insurmountable bar between the Indian and progress. Education, health campaigns, appropri-ations to encourage industry, all fail so long as he uses intoxicants. Realizing this, the bureau has continued during the year with vigor the campaign against illegal sales of intoxicating liquor to Indians and its introduction into what is termed the "Indian country." GENERAL OPERATIONS. While special emphasis was laid upon the separation of Indians from whisky and not the multiplication of individual cases, there was a total of 1,054 cases instituted, and convictions were secured in 553 cases, while 114 were dismissed. As three-fourths of the Indians in Minnesota are citizens, the Fed-eral o5cers have curtailed their operations in that State, as the sale of. liquor to them must be prosecuted under the State laws. Operations in New Mexico, among the Pueblos, were restricted by the decision of the United States district court in the case of United States v. Sandoval (198 Fed. Rep., 539), which held that the portion of enabling act declaring the lands of the Pueblo Indians to be Indian country was unconstitutional. This case is now before the Supreme Court of the United States. An important decision affecting the use of tulapai or tiswin was handed down during the year. The Indians of the Southwest brew this beverage,which is a fermented product made from corn and various roots. Recently the superintendent of the Salt River Reser-vation instituted proceedings and obtained a conviction against an Indian who had supplied other Indians with tiswin, on the charge of furnishing intoxicating liquor to Indians in violation of the pro-visions of the act of January 30, 1897. An active campaign against the liquor. traffic among Indians is being waged in Oklahoma. In that State during the year 179 arrests were made, 52 convictions secured, and 24,865 pints of liquor seized and destroyed. Every step bas been contested in the courts, resulting in two Supreme Court decisions, three decisions of the cir-cuit court OF appeals, and six decisions of the district courts, besides , the various cases takcn into the State courts. One-third of the Indian population of the United States resides within the State of Oklahoma, which, owing to the great agricultural and mineral wealth of this Indian population, offers an attractive field for the . bootlegger. On September 19, 1912, ~ e ~ nSpteciia l O5cer R. L. Bowman was killed, and Posseman W. R. Mafield was wounded while in the per-formance of duty. Considerable liquor was being introduced into Oklahoma from Kansas, and, upon receiving information that a |