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Show Brigham Young instructed the building of forts and posting of guards; he called out the Nauvoo Legion, and the Utes were rather rapidly defeated. By the time the war came, the Mormons vastly outnumbered the Utes. Further, the Mormons had received substantial military training in the Nauvoo Legion and in the Mormon Battalion during the Mexican War. The war against the raiders was quickly won; the peace negotiations between Brigham Young and Wakara were humiliating to the Indians. The power of the Indian leader, Wakara, was broken irretrievably. The land of the Utah Lake region was taken by conquest from the Utes. The ending of the war was not the beginning of peace. The Utes were determined to use, at least jointly, the area which had formerly been theirs exclusively. An uneasy peace continued between the opponents. Garland Hurt, the federal Utah Indian agent, was prompted by the destitute conditions of the Indians, and the demands that they be controlled, to establish three Indian reservations for the Utes at Corn Creek, Twelve- Mile Creek, and Spanish Fork and one for the Goshutes at Deep Creek. Hurt planned to develop the areas as farms, expanding them into permanent reservations with the consent of the Indians given in treaty. 12 However, after the initial success, the farm effort collapsed. During the Utah War of 1857, Hurt fled the territory. Eventually everything was sold off at Sanpete and Spanish Fork to feed the starving Indians. In 1864 the reservations were sold by an act of Congress- the proceeds to be spent for the " wants and requirements of the Indians.'* I3 These small Indian reservations had not solved the " Indian problem" in Utah. By 1861 when a new administration had taken office in Washington, D. C., the Mormons followed the traditional pattern in American frontier settlement by asking that the Indians be removed and placed upon lands reserved for them at some distant point. When a federal agent suggested that the Uintah Valley could be used for such a purpose, Brigham Young sent an expedition to examine the area and determine if it were suitable for Mormon agrarian settlements. \ In three weeks the expedition returned reporting the area's lack of suitability- even wondering why God had created the area unless it was to hold the other parts of the world together. Less than a month after the return of the expedition, Abraham Lincoln set aside the Uintah Valley as a reservation. 14The area was already inhabitated by a small band of Ute Indians known as the Uintah- ats, and the pressure began for the removal to there of all the Utah Utes- but, they were reluctant to go. An uneasy settlement existed during the years of the Civil War. Those years were also years of great difficulty for the Utes because of the dreadful winters of the 1860s. Starvation reached such a point that during the winter of 1864 starving Ute Indians drove off cattle and horses belonging to the Mormon settlers. The characteristics of the new " war" were similar to those of the Walker War. Raids were conducted by the Utes and defensive measures taken |