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Show BY PATH AND TRAIL. 145 blemished cleanliness of their lives, these men of God won the confidence and affection of their savage flocks, lifted them unto firm earth, Christianized and civilized them. From Cape San Lucas to San Diego, and on to San Francisco and Los Angeles, all over Arizona, Texas and New Mexico, they established missions, built churches and taught the tribes to cultivate the land. They gath ered the wandering families into village settlements, taught them horticulture and irrigation, and furnished them seed and implements of agriculture. They intro duced sheep and cattle, planted vineyards, olive and orange groves, and made of these human wrecks a peace ful, industrious and contented people. They did more. They taught these men and women of unknown race and origin how to break and shoe horses, to carve in wood, to mould clay, make and lay tiles, to tan hides and make shoes, to sing and play on musical instruments, to make wine, candles, clothes, ploughs and hats; they taught them the trades of the cooper, the weaver, the saddler, the blacksmith, the painter, the carpenter, the baker, the miller, the rope maker, the stone cutter, the mason and many other civilized occupations. Some of the finer arts taught the Indians by the fathers are practiced to- day by the members of the tribes, such, for example, as embroi dery in gold and silver thread, fancy basket making, moulding and annealing pottery, leather carving, lace and drawn work, from the sale of which to curio dealers and visitors the Indians draw considerable revenue. When, in 1834, a band of Catholic renegades, calling themselves the Eepublic of Mexico, broke up the mis sions, seized upon the possessions and revenues of the monasteries and Christian pueblos, the Indians were re- |