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Show 3 app]ilcation of electric shock. Patterning nonre fear that his of the conditioned aversive analysts lnforcement after Hi l l t er Wagner (963) performed cues demons t ra t l on of conditioned exper iment an to eva He tested rat is determine Wf the cessation of to prevBous]y paired with nonreinforcement way wound reinforce hurdling response in a mental group received runway with A control visual a 50% schedule a wl th the vl sua l or S auditory or group received the forcement Iuat e the propose u associated with nonreinforcement have aversive motivational properties. stamuWus (948) s same ... nonre lnf'orceeent over U=' a a nonr e schedu Ie of in the U sponse Iat.enc l lnforcement shaped , but with either rein t r Ia ls n a dd l t l on , as t raIn decreased for the exper tmente 1 es ... in shuttle box, a the hurdle faster than controls when the l , experi= lnforced t r Ia l nurd]e response served to terminate the stimulus which nonre An s= run reinforcement, uncorr e lat ed test an shaped shuttle box. a Iqna l l nq s During , in of reinforcement SOO" auditory stimulus or experimental is jumped Signaled of properties previously inq continued, r e and increased for 15 controls. Another Uuoe of research which focuses attention properties of the learning S- stimulus, wotbout errors. tra lned to "make crimination a is the recent work discrimination is conditioned wl th reduced to its final a large, sma l l v l r tua l Uy without S+S= d l f fer ence. that er vva discrimnnation on found that aversive pigeons could errors l ue , !n comparing be if dis= immediate]y after the response is started training (963) Terrace on to S+ is pr-oqr ess lve l y the performance of |