OCR Text |
Show 206 LITERATURE ABSTRACTS The authors review 18 cases of direct and dural carotid cavernous fistulae that they saw over the last 10 years as well as reports in the literature regarding treatment. In the current series, one case with dural fistula was successfully treated with glue embolization. Seven of eight patients with direct fistulae were treated with balloon embolization, only two of seven without complication. The numerous tables outlining data, results, and summary of reviewed series are easily grasped. This is a nice reference on the subject although no breakthroughs in diagnosis or treatment are presented. Lyn A. Sedwick, M.D. Functional Scoring of the Field of Binocular Single Vision in Patients With Diplopia. Woodruff G, O'Reilly C, Kraft SP. Ophthalmology 1987;94:1554-61 (Dec). [Reprint requests to Dr. S. P. Kraft, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.] A scoring system to evaluate disability from binocular diplopia based on single binocular visualfield testing is presented. The more significant portions of the field were scored in such a way as to correlate with the severity of disability as reported by the patients. Scores such as "central 20 degrees," as suggested in the Physicialls Desk Referellce For Ophthalmology, were not used. This seems to be a good system and considerably fairer than the current standard for reporting disability for medical-legal purposes. Ly" A. Sedwick, M.D. Bilateral Retrobulbar Optic Nerve Infarctions After Blood Loss and Hypotension. A Clinicopathologic Case Study. Johnson MW, Kincaid MC, Trobe JD. Ophthalmology 1987;94:1577-83 (Dec). [Reprint requests to Dr. M. C. Kincaid, WK Kellogg Eye Center, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI48105-1994.] A 59-year-old woman with anemia, repeated gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and bilateral optic nerve infarction died; the authors present her histopathology in detail. The "torpedo-shaped" infarcts were centered on the midorbital optic nerves. Various types of visual loss after hypotension are discussed. LIlli A.Sedwick, M.D. Botulinum Toxin Paralysis of Adult Monkey Extraocular Muscle. Structural Alterations in Orbital, Singly Innervated Muscle Fibers. Spencer RF, McNeer KW. Arch Ophthalmol 1988;105:170311 (Dec). [Reprint requests to Dr. R. F. Spencer, Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298-0709.] Injections of botulinum into the medial rectus of rhesus monkeys were then followed by histopathology at 3-56 days. The findings were different acute (7-28 days) versus long-term (42-56), with recovery of muscle fibers and vasculature in proportion to decreased cross-sectional area of muscle fibers with time. Lyn A. Sedwick, M.D. Orbital Optic Glioma in Neurofibromatosis. Magnetic Resonance Diagnosis of Perineural Arachnoidal Gliomatosis. Seiff SR, Brodsky MC, MacDonald G, Berg BO, Howes EL, Hoyt WF. Arch Ophthalmol 1987;105:1689-92 (Dec). [Reprint requests to Dr. S. R. Seiff, Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Ophthalmology, U490, University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94143.] A 3-year-old with neurofibromatosis was studied with computerized tomography and magnetic resonance scanning because of visual loss and proptosis in the right eye. Both studies demonstrated an optic nerve tumor, but magnetic resonance showed the optic nerve distinct from surrounding tumor. Pathological examination demonstrated "arachnoidal gliomatosis," which the authors believe is highly characteristic of glioma in neurofibromatosis. Nice computerized tomographic and magnetic resonance pictures are included. LYIl A. Sedwick, M.D. Horner's Syndrome in Children. Woodruff G, Buncic JR, Morin JD. J Pediatr Ophtlwlmol Strabismus 1988;25:40-4 (Jan/Feb). [Reprint requests to G. Woodruff, F.R.C.S.E., Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, GIl 6NT Scotland.] The authors review 10 cases of Horner's syndrome in children. On pharmacologic testing, only 1 of the 10 was associated with a postganglionic lesion, this being an arachnoidal cyst in the region LITERATURE ABSTRACTS 207 of the left cavernous sinus. None of the 10 occurred with brachial plexus birth injury, previously thought to be a common cause of Horner's syndrome in children. Two patients had neuroblastoma, while two others developed Horner's syndrome following cardiothoracic surgery. One had semilobar holoprosencephaly in association with cerebral palsy. In four children, the etiology of the Horner's syndrome was not determined. A key point of this article for the clinician is that Horner's syndrome in children may be the initial presentation of neuroblastoma. The authors recommend performing a chest radiograph, CT scan of the head and neck, and 24-h urinary catecholamine assay. From patients studied at the reviewer's medical center, I would suggest obtaining an MRI scan instead of a CT. This is not the first study indicating a relationship between Horner's syndrome in children and neuroblastoma. Nevertheless, it is a point worth repeating. Walter M. Jay, M.D. I OJ,, NClml ·"l'htlllll"ll1l. Vol. 8. No.3. 1988 |