Duplex: lessons learned and roadblocks overcome to its success

DuplexTM is an innovative combustion technology that has been successfully implemented in a variety of industrial applications including refinery process heaters, once-through steam generators, enclosed flares and boilers. The technology provides unparalleled environmental and process performance characteristics to those of conventional low NOx (LNB) and ultra-low NOx (ULNB) burners. The development and implementation of the technology in refinery process heaters has evolved into ClearSign's Plug & Play™ ("PNP") platform, an easily retrofittable system to replace existing burners that can deliver NOx performance below 6 ppm (corrected to 3% O2) and operate at higher volumetric furnace heat densities when compared to LNBs and ULNBs. The development of PNP has yielded unique developments not only about those typically encountered in combustion systems such as kinetics, fluid dynamics and heat transfer, but also other sciences such as CFD modeling, materials, diagnostics and controls. The paper gives insight into the evolution of the technology driven by industry feedback and market requirements as well as provides an update on its unique performance characteristics, latest field installations and industry acceptance of the technology.