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Show R O M A N T IC S A L T LA KE C IT Y 169 th e p r op e r se n se , n o c iv il g o v e r n m e n t, th e g lo - S a x o n c iv iliz a ti o n p r e s e r v e d th r o u g h fu n c t io n s o f b o th , c h u rc h and st a te b e in g e v e r y tria l. e m b o d ie d in th e b is h o p r ic s w h ic h c o m p o se d In th is m a n ife s ta tio n — a n a lo g o u s to th e th e b a c k b o n e , o f th e M orm on th e o c r a c y . c la s s ic G reek c u sto m w h ic h fixe d H ellas In all a ff a ir s 'their w o r d w a s th e v o ic e o f w h e r e v e r H e lle n e s m ig h t fo r e g a th e r — th e a u th o r ity , th e ir c om m a n d s th e la w o f th e sa g a c io u s le a d e r , B r ig h a m Y o u n g , se n se d c o m m u n ity so far as th e b u lk o f th e th e o n e m e a n s b y w h ic h h is p e o p le c o u ld b e c h u r ch w a s c o n c e r n e d . b r o u g h t to fo r g e t p r e se n t h ard sh ip in th e F or a tim e , e ac h o f th e w a r d s h e ld th e ir m e ip o r y o f a c o m f o r t a b le p a st and th e h op e lan d in co m m o n , w it h w a r d fe n c e s d iv id in g o f a h ap p y fu t p r e . W it n e s s th e b an d c o n th e ir r e sp e c t iv e fie ld s an d w a r d d itc h e s c e r ts and d a n c e s on th e p la in s, th e M orm on b e a r in g w a te r to th e ir c ro p s. T h e b ish o p r ic m en and w o m e n k e e p in g u p th e p r e te n s e o f se t t le d d is p u te s, a llo t te d w o r k and su p er* tsodial sp le n d o r u n d e r m o st a rd ou s con«diW it n e s s M orm on c h ild r e n fin d in g v is e d r e su lts . F or m o r e than t w o y e a r s tio n s. no o th e r g o v e r n m e n t w a s k n o w n and, w ith jo y and c o m f o r t in th e sim p le , h o m e ly , u n w o r d o f th e U n ite d S ta t e s’ a c q u is itio n o f c o m fo r ta b le p le a s u r e s afford ed th em . W it n e s s a lso th a t p o s itiv e h a b it in g r a in e d th is r e g io n , th e p r o v is io n a l .sta te o f D e se r e t w a s c o n st it u t e d and sta te h o o d a sk e d o f th e in th e M orm on ch a ra cter , o f d e te r m in a tio n to su c c e e d in sp ite o f all o b st a c le s. T h is n a tio n a l g o ve r n m e n t. tr a it o f £ e lf -c o n fid e n c e in m a t te r s o f th e B u t e v e n h e r e th e b is h o p s w e r e r e ta in e d m in d g a v e th e m c o u r a g e to u n d e rta k e m a n y in a u th o r ity as m a g is tr a t e s and it w a s n o t s e e m in g ly im p o ssib le th in g s — so m e o f w h ic h u n til th e ir d ream o f st a te h o o d w a s d en ied and th e T e r r ito r y o f U tah c r e a te d , th a t w e r e a c h ie v e d g r a c e fu lly and w it h o u t s e e m in g e ffo rt w h ile o th e r s fa ile d m o r e fro m G reat S a lt L ake C ity b e c a m e d u ly c h a r e x te r n a l th a n fr o m in h e r e n t c a u se s. te r e d as an in c o r p o r a te d c it y w it h th e fo rm o f a se c u la r a d m in istr a tio n . A R T S , M U S IC , D A N CE T H E G O LD R U S H M ea n w h ile, m e m b e r s Qf th e Mormon, b a t ta lio n r e m a in in g b eh in d to w o r k in C ali fo rn ia w e r e p r e s e n t on th e h is to r ic d i s c o v e r y o f g old . T h is w a s th e m o s t se v e r e b lo w d e a lt th e M orihon h o p e s fo r iso la tio n . A lm o st in s ta n tl y th e c a ra va n s o f tr e a s u r e se e k e r s s e t o u t a c r o ss p la in s and m o u n ta in s to d iy e s t th e S ie r r e N ev ad as o f th e ir gold . S a lt L ake C ity w a s in th e d ir e c t r o u te o f th e ir p a ssa g e . H ere d u r in g th e h e c t ic d a y s o f ’4 9 — m e r c h an d ise w a s ab an d on ed , or s o ld at tr iflin g p r ic e s to le s s e n th e b u r d e n o f th e fe v e r ish p e o p le h u r r y in g w e s tw a r d . A nd g o ld w a s b r o u g h t in to U tah fo r m in tin g a lm o st b e fo r e n e w s o f th e d is c o v e r y h ad sp r ea d g e n e r a lly a c r o ss th e lan d . T h o se m e n o f th e b a tta lio n b r o u g h t in th e ir h o r d e s o f d u st an d n u g g e t s w a sh e d fr o m th é st r e a m s o f C a liforn ia and tu r n e d th e m in to th e tr e a su r y o f th e c h u r c h .’É rom th is m e ta l w e r e m in te d , b y h o m e m a d e d ie s, c o in s o f th e d en o m in a tio n o f fe d e r a l i s su e . T he o ld m in t sto o d in th e tith in g y ar d e n c lo su r e n ea r w h e r e n o w are th e st e p s o f th e C hurch A d m in istr a tio n b u ild in g . T h is m in ta g e w a s p r o d u c t iv e o f a n o th e r in n o va tio n . In p a y m e n t fo r th e p r e c io u s m e ta l th e ch u rc h a u th o r itie s is s u e d a c u r r e n c y a g a in st h e ir g e n e r a l tr e a s u r y and to p re p a re th is th e fir st p r in tin g d on e in U tah w a s a c c o m p lish e d b y . B r ig h a m Y o u n g and h is a ss o c ia te s . T his, c u r r e n c y w a s k n o w n fo r m o re th an o n e -h alf* c e n tu r y as “ t it h in g s c r ip t ” and w a s a fa m ilia r m e d iu m o f e x c h a n g e in U tah u p to th e e a r ly y e a r s o f th e p r e se n t c e n tu r y . T he fir st b o w e r y on th e so u t h e a st co rn er o f T em p le S q u are w a s fo llo w e d b y a m o r e p r ê te r tio u é b u t sim ila r st r û ç t u r e k n o w n as th e “ Old B o w e r y ” w h ic h w a s th e p r in cip a l h all o f th e J ^ o m m u n ity fo r se v e r a l y e a r s. Its r o o f o f thatcfh, lo w s lu n g on t ié r s j o f p o le s and w a lls o f lo o s e ly jo in e d , m u d -c h in k e d p a ilin g s a fford ed sc a n t s h e l te r to th e c o n g r e g a tio n se a t e d on lo g s' a c f o s s it s e a r th en flo o r . Y e t fo r fo u r y e a r s th is w a s th e o m y m e e t in g h o u é e th ey, had. T h is “ Old B ow ery?’ w a s n ea r th e s o u t h w e s t ’ co rn er o f T em p le sq u a re , n o r th o f w h e r e n o w th e A s se m b ly H all sta n d s. It w a s th e se a t o f religion« and c u ltu r e , th e fir st te m p le o f th e w ild e r n e s s. T h e M orm ons b r o u g h t th e ir e a r th ly p o s s e s s io n s in w a g o n b o x e s fr o m th e M is sissip p i to G reat S a lt L ake, b u t in th e ir h e a r ts and in th e ir m in d s w e r e th o s e e le m e n ts o f A n T h u s th e y th o u g h t n o th in g o f c a r r y in g th e a r ts, m u §ib, th e d a n ce —-e v e n th e th e a tr e , w it h th em , and w it h in a sh o r t sp a c e o f th e ir se t tle m e n t h e r e a fu ll- f le d g e d d r a m a t ic c o m p an y J iia d b e e n o r g a n iz e d and r e h e a r se d b e f o r e th e y h ad e v e n a h a ll to p la y in. It w a s to c h a m p io n th is e ffo r t, to e s p o u se th e so c ia l a c ti v it ie s o f th e c o m m u n it y w h ic h le d B r ig h a m Y o u n g to e r e c t S oc ia l H all fo r a m u s e m e n ts and th e a t r ic a l ..per fo r m a n c e s on w e e k d a ys. It w a s in h o ld in g fa s t to th is sp o n so r sh ip a m u tu a l a c ti v it y and d e v e lo p m e n t o f ta le n t .a m o n g th e m se lv e s t h a t th is le a d e r c a u se d to b e b u ilt th e S a lt L ake T h ea tr e in a d ay w h e n it w a s th e fo r e m o st p la y h o u se in a p p o in tm e n t and d e sig n , th r o u g h o u t th e n a tio n .^ B u t th e ir c u ltu r e w a s n o t c on fin ed j u s t to a m u se m e n t. H ere, in th e ir s e lf- im p o s e d is o la tio n t h e y so u g h t to e st a b lis h c u ltu r e and c iv iliz a tio n p e c u lia r to th e m se lv e s and th e ir b e lie f s . W h ile b e a r in g th e ou tw arcf se m b la r c e , th e p h y si c a l s t r u c t u r e o f th e ir r a c ia l in c lin a tio n s, th e d e v e lo p m e n t o f c u b tu r e a m o n g th e M orm ons w a s d e s ig n e d to b e fa sh io n e d on a b ro a d er p la in , e n v isio n e d w ith a p u r er p u r p o se as th e y c o n c e iv e d it. * ‘. T h u s in th e ir b e g in n in g h e r e , th e y u n d e r to o k e s ta b lis h m e n t o f a n e w la n g u a g e , a sim p lifie d t o n g u e b y w h ic h th e p e o p le o f th e w o r ld m ig h t b e U n ited in th e b on d o f c om m o n sp e ec h , T h u s a lso , o n e o f th e ir fir st u n d e r ta k in g s w a s th e e sta b lis h m e n t o f a u n iv e r s it y and o f sc h o o ls th r o u g h o u t th e ir s e t tle m e n ts . T h eir fir st sc h o o ls , ;,e sta b lish ed in th e “ Old F o r t” n o w P io n e e r S q q u are— d u r in g th e fir st w e e k s o f th e ir f ir s t w in te r in th e v a lle y w a s on th e p la n o f a p a r o c h ia l in s t it u tio n w h ic h g r e w and p r o sp e r e d fo r a d o ze n y e a r s b e f o r e th e fir st n o n -s e c ta r ia n p u b lic sc h o o l w a s o p en ed . M u sic, p a in tin g , o r a to r y , so c ia l sc ie n c e , p h ilo so p h y , g o v e r n m e n t— th e ir v e r sio n s o f th e s e s u b j e c ts w e r e in c u lc a te d in th e p u b lic m in d . It w a s a n e w tr e n d in so c ia l d e v e lo p m e n t, a v ar ia n t o f th e A n g lo -S a x o n c iv iliz a tio n , th e w id e s t d e p a rtu re a lo n g all lin e s o f h u m a n a c ti v it y y e t to b e e n c o u n te r e d on th e A m erica n sc e n e . W h e n e v e r a v is it in g a r t is t im p r e s se d h is ■g e n iu s u p o n B righ am Y ou n g, th a t lea d e r m ad e e v e r y o v e r tu r e to se c u r e p er m a n e n c y o f r e sid e n c e fo r th e ta le n te d o n e th a t h is p e o p le m ig h t h a v e th e a d va n ta g e o f c o m p e t e n t tu t o r a g e . T o th e s e c a u se s , th e M or m o n p en c h a n t fo r in d iv id u a lity and th e ir r e c o g n itio n o f ab ility' w h e r e v e r fo u n d m a y b e la id c r e d it fo r h a v in g g iv e n to th e w o r ld m a n y fa m o su a r tists . |