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Title	External and Internal Flue Gas Recirculation: A Comparison with Respect to Flame Stability and NOx Emission
Creator	Visser, B. Martien; Levinsky, Howard B.
Publisher	Digitized by J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah
Date	1996
Spatial Coverage	presented at Baltimore, Maryland
Abstract	This study compares external and internal flue-gas recirculation with respect to their effects on combustion stability and the potential for NOx reduction. Towards this end, mixtures containing natural gas, air and flue-gas in various proportions and temperatures between 20°C and 500°C have been burnt. In addition, calculations of the laminar burning velocity of these mixtures have been performed, and the results have been compared with the experimental data on flame stability. The results presented in the paper indicate that internal (hot) flue-gas recirculation may lead to lower NOx emissions than external (cold) flue-gas recirculation. The experimental data also suggest that, in the relatively cool flames under investigation, the NOx in the flue-gases which was present in the initial mixture is not reduced. A relation between the adiabatic flame temperature and the NOx production by flames burning mixtures of air, natural gas and flue-gas is presented. The data presented in the paper contain information useful for burner manufacturers for the design and/or optimisation of natural gas burners employing some form of flue-gas recirculation.
Type	Text
Format	application/pdf
Language	eng
Rights	This material may be protected by copyright. Permission required for use in any form. For further information please contact the American Flame Research Committee.
Conversion Specifications	Original scanned with Canon EOS-1Ds Mark II, 16.7 megapixel digital camera and saved as 400 ppi uncompressed TIFF, 16 bit depth.
Scanning Technician	Cliodhna Davis
ARK	ark:/87278/s6pv6p0w
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	13025
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6pv6p0w

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Title	Page 14
Format	application/pdf
OCR Text	Show AFRC - 1996 Int. Symposium Baltimore 6. REFERENCES September 30 - October 2 1996 Page 14 of 14 Geerssen, T.M., (1988). Physical properties of natural gases. N. V. Nederlandse Gasunie. Visser, B.M. and Levinsky, H.B. (1993). Premixed Combustion, Clausthal, VDI Berichte 1090. Visser, B.M. and Bahlmann, F.C. (1994). Variations in the NOx emission of Gas Turbines. The effects of Humidity, Ambient Air Temperature and Gas Composition. ASME 94- GT-261. Wamatz I., (1983). Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chern. 87, p. 1003. Yahagi, M. and Hase, K. (1994). A study on flame stabilization of a perforated porous plate burner. Pacific Rim International Conference on Environmental Control of Combustion Processes, 16-20 October 1994, Hawaii. Blint, R.I. (1988) Flammability limits for Exhaust Gas Diluted Flames, 220d Symposium (International) on Combustion, p. 1547. Law, C.K. (1988) Dynamics of Stretched Flames, 22Dd Symposium (International) on Combustion p. 1381. Bowman, C.T. (1992) Control of Combustion-Generated Nitrogen Oxide Emissions: Technology driven by Regulation 24th Symposium (Int.) on Combustion, p.859 Mokhov, A.V., and Levinsky, H.B., A LIF and CARS study of the effects of upstream heat loss on NO formation from laminar premixed burner-stabilized natural-gas/air flames, presented at the 26th Symposium (lnt.) on Combustion. Peters, A.A.F. and Weber, R. (1995), Mathematical modeling of a 2.25 MWt swirling natural gas flame. Comb., Sci. & Techn. Volumes 110-111, p. 67-102. Breithaupt, P.P. and Weber, R. (1995), Evaluation of a global NOx production formulae as a simple source term to estimate local NOx production rates in Natural Gas-Fired turbulent diffusion flames. IFRF Doc. Nr. PPB-951012.
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	13024
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6pv6p0w/13024