| OCR Text |
Show due to the narrow furnace, short residence time and lack of air staging capabilities. • The presence of a C E M is also problematic on low N O x residual oil applications. The C E M requires a continuous boiler N O x emissions setting lower than the permit to allow for sufficient N O x margin to cover maintenance such as soot blowing and gun cleaning procedures. • Flue Gas Recirculation has limited, but measurable, beneficial impact on N O x emissions from highly staged residual oil firing applications. • The future of N O x regulations in the United States for residual oil firing in boilers is uncertain. • Further development is required to determine the effects of droplet diameter on fuel N O x conversion in practical residual fuel oil fired boilers. Additional understanding of particulate reduction in low N O x residual oil flame is also required. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to acknowledge the efforts of Ken Ahn, Gary Rice, Mark Clavelli, and Steve Londerville of C O E N Company for their efforts in the data acquisition and analysis for this paper. Gratefully acknowledged are the tireless efforts of the C O E N Company Service Engineers Joe Harter and Lee Smith for their diligent efforts in the acquisition of the field data. Also acknowledged are the kind and cooperative support received from the boiler room operators during the field trials. REFERENCES 1. Pershing, D. W., Cichanowicz, J.E., England, G.C.. Heap, M.P., and Martin, G.B., "The Influence of Fuel Composition and Flame Temperature on the Formation of Thermal and Fuel N O x in Residual Oil Flames," Seventeenth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 715-726 (1978). 2. Beer, J.M.., Jacques, M.T., Farmayan, W., and Taylor, B.R., "Fuel-Nitrogen Conversion in Staged Combustion High Nitrogen Petroleum Fuel," Eighteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 101-110(1981). 3. Drennan, S.A., Vijay, M., and Rice, G., "Low NOx Experiences Firing Residual Oil in Industrial Boilers," Paper presented at the 1997 Spring A F R C International Symposium, Ottawa, Canada (May 1997). 4. Urban, D.L.. and Dryer, F.L., "New Results on Coke Formation in the Combustion of Heavy-Fuel Droplets," Twenty-Third Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 1437- 1443(1990). 5. Urban, D.L., Huey, S.P.C, and Dryer, F.L., "Evaluation of the Coke Formation Potential of Residual Fuel Oils," Twenty-Fourth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 1357- 1364(1992). |
