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Title	Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants and Ozone Precursors from a Natural Gas-Fired Burner
Creator	Demayo, T. N.; Samuelsen, G. S.
Publisher	Digitized by J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah
Date	1998
Spatial Coverage	presented at Maui, Hawaii
Abstract	Due to heightened environmental concerns about air quality, urban areas around the world are shifting to the use of natural gas for continuous stationary combustion systems. However, USEPA regulations concerning hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and ozone precursors (OPs) may pose challenges in the design and operation of advanced gas-fired combustion systems. As natural gas systems switch to lean, premixed operation to reduce NOx formation and maintain high combustion efficiency, the emissions of HAPs and OPs - specifically of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) - may potentially increase. A study was conducted to investigate the effect of low - NOx operating conditions on VOC emissions for a scaled, generic, low - NOx, natural gas-fired burner. The exhaust samples were analyzed for C2 - C10 aliphatic, aromatic, and carbonylic hydrocarbons using USEPA-sanctioned methods. Most VOCs were emitted in relatively low concentrations (< 100 ppbv). However, certain very lean and high air velocity conditions generated relatively high total VOC levels (2 - 118 ppmC). To address concerns regarding the release of VOCs from stationary combustion systems, a performance function based on NOx, CO, and VOC emissions was developed to identify an optimal set of conditions where all pollutant emissions are minimized. If natural gasfired systems operate at these optimal conditions, a significant regulatory concern with respect to VOC emissions can be mitigated. Achieving and maintaining this level of performance may require active control and the use of indicator species. The data show a positive correlation between VOCs, CO, and total hydrocarbons (THCs), suggesting that CO and THCs could potentially serve as surrogates for VOC emissions under lean burn conditions.
Type	Text
Format	application/pdf
Language	eng
Rights	This material may be protected by copyright. Permission required for use in any form. For further information please contact the American Flame Research Committee.
Conversion Specifications	Original scanned with Canon EOS-1Ds Mark II, 16.7 megapixel digital camera and saved as 400 ppi uncompressed TIFF, 16 bit depth.
Scanning Technician	Cliodhna Davis
ARK	ark:/87278/s6t43wqn
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	11517
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6t43wqn

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Title	Page 23
Format	application/pdf
OCR Text	Show 7. California Air Resources Board, Emissions Tests on Natural Gas-Fired Utility Boilers at Three Power Plants, Engineering Evaluation Branch, Monitoring and Laboratory Division, 1991. 8. Fangmeier, B., Himes, R., McDannel, M., R. Lott, and Toole-ONeil, B., "A Summary of Air Toxic Emissions from Natural Gas-Fired Combustion Turbines," AFRC/JFRC Pacific Rim International Conference on Environmental Control of Combustion Processes, Maui, HI, 1994. 9. Fangmeier, B., McDannel, M., and Toole-ONeil, B., Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions from Natural Gas-Fired Utility Boilers, Carnot/EPRI report, 1984. 10. Edwards, C. F. and Goix, P. J., "Effect of Fuel Gas Composition and Excess Air on V O C Emissions and Flame Structure of a Small-Scale Industrial Burner," International Symposium of the American Flame Research Committee, Monterrey, CA, 1995. 11. Seebold, J. G., "The Origin and Fate of Trace Toxic Emissions in the External Combustion of Gaseous Hydrocarbon Fuels by Means of Highly-Reactive Turbulent Jet Diffusion," Fourth International Conference on Technologies and Combustion for a Clean Environment, Lisbon, Portugal, 1997. 12. Miyasato, M . M . and Samuelsen, G. S., "Sensitivity of N O x Production and Combustion Efficiency to Fuel-Air Mixing in a Model Industrial, Natural Gas Fired Burner," paper submitted to Combust. Sci. and TechnoL, 1997. 13. Miyasato, M . M . and Samuelsen, G. S., "Near-Burner Flow-Field Characterization and Its Relation to Performance in a Model Industrial, Natural Gas-Fired Burner," International Symposium of the American Flame Research Committee, Monterrey, CA, 1995. 14. Demayo, T. N., Miyasato, M . M., and Samuelsen, G. S., "Hazardous Air Pollutant And Ozone Precursor Emissions from a Low-NOx Natural Gas-Fired Industrial Burner," Twenty-Seventh Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, 1998. 15. Finlayson-Pitts, B. J. and Pitts, J. N. Jr., Atmospheric Chemistry: Fundamentals and Experimental Techniques, John Wiley & Sons, 1986, p. 627. 16. Russell, A., Milford, J., Bergin, M . S., McBride, S., McNair, L., Yang, Y., Stockwell, W . 23
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	11515
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6t43wqn/11515