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Show CONCLUSIONS Air Liquide has made over the last years substantial effort in maintaining modern, well-equipped combustion facilities associated to advanced measurement techniques. These resources fulfill the primary expectation of the combustion experimentalist i.e., the ability to rapidly generate reliable, repeatable data. Together with modern in-house and commercial mathematical modeling codes, these tools enable Air Liquide to answer its customers' specific needs with optimized solutions and rapid development times. The salient performance features of the new 2.0 MW pilot furnace are precision better than 1% on input flow 0.2% on oxygen concentration in the flue gas, 5 k W on total load heat extraction, and 5°C on crown temperatures. Although measurements in large-scale high temperature oxy-flames bring special challenges, new techniques have been successfully developed. One can distinguish between diagnostics that can be used rapidly and routinely in megawatt scale flames, and other more cumbersome, or scale-limited diagnostics which are recommended mostly for laboratory flames in the tens of kilowatt scale. In the first category falls intrusive probes for local gas composition, gas temperature, soot volume fraction. They are complemented by line-of-sight or imaging techniques for O H visualization. mixing characterization (by Mie scattering), and flame control (by UV-V1S monitoring). Techniques that are used at Air Liquide mostly in laboratory scale include CARS, modified line reversal thermometry, and FTIR spectroscopy. Future work will aim at complementing the range of diagnostics available for pilot or industrial scale furnaces, and will include both evolutions from classical techniques as well as optical or laser based diagnostics. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank H. Borders. B. Dubi. B. Grand and L. Mouloudj of Air Lquide. and Prof. L. Bauman from the DIAL group at Mississippi State University, for their role in the development of experimental resources. Calibration of the high temperature suction pyrometer by C A R S was financed by the O X Y F L A M research consortium which consists of the IFRF. A G A . Air Liquide, Gaz de France. Hoogovens. Linde. Nippon Sanso and Tokyo Gas. R E F E R E N C ES 1. Von Drasek W.. Philippe L.. Grosman R., and Pascal A, Oxy-fuel Burner Control Strategy Using Optical 8th International Congress on Glass. San Francisco. CA, July 5-10, 1998. 2. Von Drasek W., Duchateau E., and Philippe L., Use of Optical Sensors on Industrial Oxy-fuel Burners for Control. American Flame Research Committee International Symposium, Chicago. Sept. 21-24. 1997. 3. Von Drasek W.. Schnepper C. Jurcik B.. and Philippe L., Oxy-Fuel Burner Characterization: From Laboratory Industry. American Flame Research Committee, Fall International Symposium, Monterey, CA, Oct. 15-18. 1995. 4. Beaudoin P. and Charon O., Using Pure Oxygen In Incineration Processes : Laboratory and Pilot Scale Experiments, Modeling and Industrial Applications. Incineration conference, Houston, 9-13 May. 1994 5. Chedaille J. and Braud Y.. Measurements in Flames. Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd. 1972 6. Bilger R. W., Probe Measurements in Turbulent Combustion, pp 333-348 of Combustion Measurements : Modern techniques and Instrumentation R. Goulard editor. Academic Press and Hemisphere. 1976 7. Becker H. A., Physical Probes, pp 53-112 of Instrumentation for Flows with Combustion, edited by A. M. Taylor, Academic Press, 1993 8. Colket M. B.. Chiappetta L., Guile R. N.. Zabielski M. F.. and Seen D. J., Internal Aerodynamics of Gas Sampling Probes. Combustion and Flame, vol 44. pp 3-14. 1982 |