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Show SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The present paper describes an experimental and numerical approach to the design of an ultra low NOx industrial burner. The following points have been made: • The development of a 5 ppm NOx industrial burner is required to stay ahead of future regulatory constraints. • Experimental data indicate that 5 ppm NOx at practical conditions is technically feasible through the use of immense amounts of flue gas recirculation. • The degradation of burner stability at high flue gas recirculation rates is unacceptable. • Reductions in flue gas recirculation to meet 5 ppm NOx is required. • Improvements in combustion controls and control sensors are required to maximize stability and safety at 5 ppm NOx operating conditions. REFERENCES Beer, 1.M., and Chigier, N.A., Combustion Aerodynamics, Applied Science, London, 1972. Bowman, C.T., "Kinetics of Pollutant Formation and Destruction in Combustion," Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 1, pp. 33-45, 1975. Chigier, N., Energy, Combustion, and Environment, McGraw-Hill, 1981. Fenimore, C.P., "Formation of Nitric Oxide in Premixed Hydrogen Flames," Thirteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, pp. 373-380, 1971. Gupta, A.K., Lilley, D.G., and Syred, N., Swirl Flows, Abacus Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1984. Lifshits, V., "Development of a High Performance Versatile Low NOx Burner," Paper presented at the 1996 AFRC International Symposium, Baltimore, Maryland, September, 1996. Miller, 1.A., and Bowman, C.T., "Mechanism and Modeling of Nitrogen Chemistry in Combustion," Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 15, pp. 287-338, 1989. Zeldovich, Y A. B., Sadovnikov, P. Y A., and Frank-Kamenetskii, D.A., "Oxidation of Nitrogen in Combustion," Academy of Sciences of USSR, Institute of Chemical Physics MoscowLenningrad, 1947. |