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Show International Flame Research Foundation 1998 Flame Research Committee 11-15 October 1998 This initial set of source tests results also prompted the petroleum industry to initiate a more fundamental investigation of the formation of toxic by-products from combustion devices. This is known as the Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (PERF) 92-19 "Toxic Combustion Byproducts" project. In 1992 P E R F initiated a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement ( C R A D A ) with the U.S. Department of Energy. With E P A participation, an experimental and fundamental investigation of chemical and physical mechanisms governing organic H A P formation, destruction, and emissions was performed. Full-scale burners were tested at the Sandia National Laboratories, Combustion Research Facility in Livermore, California. Field combustion conditions were carefully duplicated to ensure highly representative results. This program produced data of very high quality that shed light on many of the key questions surrounding the field data. The results of this project were summarized in a paper "Organic Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions from Gas-Fired Boilers and Process Heaters" (G. England et al., 1997). A 10-volume set of the P E R F 92-19 C R A D A Final Report, "The Origin and Fate of Toxic Combustion Byproducts in Refinery Heaters: Research to Enable Efficient Compliance with the Clean Air Act" (PERF, 1997) was submitted to the D O E and EPA. Recently, the original WSPA pooled testing database was totally revised and updated for inclusion in a broader database being developed by the California Air Resources Board (CARB), using results of air toxics emissions testing throughout California. The American Petroleum Institute (API) teamed with W S P A and C A R B to enable the analysis and compilation of all test reports pertaining to combustion devices used by the petroleum industry. This resulted in the recently released 3-volume report titled "Air Toxics Emission Factors for Combustion Sources Using Petroleum-Based Fuels (API, 1998). RESULTS ARCO's Los Angeles Refinery is located in Carson California and is within the jurisdiction of the S C A Q M D . The refinery is a complex transportation fuels refinery with a nominal crude distillation capacity of 250,000 Bbls/Day. In 1993 and 1994 A R C O spent $400,000 to conduct a series of source tests, on a select group of process heaters to update and refine air toxics emissions factors that will be used for the refinery's emissions inventory. Five process heaters were selected for testing, with triplicate sampling runs for each of them. The process heaters selected represent a range of operating conditions, sizes and burner types, as follows: 1. Hydrogen Plant steam methane reformer - raw gas burner, 2. Mid-barrel reboiler heater- partial premixed burner, 3. Reformer Heater - ultra low-NOx burner, 4. F F H D S - Staged air burner, and 5. F C C Feed Preheater- ultra low-NOx burner. Conceptual sketches of each heater and burner type tested are shown in the appendix. Also included is: 1. The operating conditions of the heaters at the time of the testing and 2. Topical refiner}' fuel gas composition during the testing. |