| Description |
Background: Worldwide cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer occurring in women. Each year in the U.S., approximately 12,000 women are newly diagnosed with CC. Up to 93% of CC cases can be prevented through routine screening and prevention. Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer. In 2015 in the U.S., there were 12,845 new cases of CC, and 4,175 female deaths were due to CC. Women who are foreign born and from minority groups have a higher risk of mortality from CC due to barriers they face in obtaining early screening, and prevention services. Barriers include but are not limited to, lack of knowledge regarding disease and prevention, cultural, language, gender roles, and lack of insurance. Afghan American women are less likely to engage in preventative behaviors such as CC screening and HPV vaccine for many reasons, including lack of knowledge regarding its benefits. Aims: The purpose of this project is to raise awareness of cervical cancer (CC) screening and prevention among Afghan American women in the Salt Lake Valley. Methods: Participants' baseline knowledge, barriers and screening behaviors were assessed through a pre-education questionnaire. In groups or as individuals, Afghan American women (n = 43) engaged in an educational discussion about CC prevention which was presented by the PI in their native language (Pashto or Farsi). Women received a handout with facts and referral clinics. Participants filled out a post-education questionnaire that evaluated comprehension and intent to be screened or receive the HPV vaccination. Scores on pre and post questionnaires were compared for changes in correct answers. Results: Participants showed an overall increase in knowledge regarding CC, screening, and prevention by a total participant mean increase of 59% on a scored questionnaire. Barriers to care were attributed to lack of female provider, lack of information, embarrassment, and afraid or uncomfortable with the procedure. Logistical barriers to care in this population included lack of insurance, transportation, and language. Following the session, nearly 77% of the participants indicated they were very likely to receive screening, nearly 47% indicated they intended to be vaccinated, and 60% intended to vaccinate their children. Conclusion: Culturally tailored educational programs are necessary to address barriers to care. Immigrant groups can hurdle some barriers to care if they have an understanding of the health system and available services. This educational program improved knowledge for Afghan American women in regard to cervical cancer causes, screening and health access. With knowledge they are likely to improve intent to engage in preventative services for themselves and their family and thereby take significant steps to decrease overall risks. |
