Dangerous spaces: Using geographic information systems in injury research

PURPOSE: To provide an overview of geographic information systems (GIS) and to discuss current and future applications in injury and trauma research. DESIGN: Literature review and discourse of GIS technology related to injury and trauma research. METHOD: A search of scientific literature databases, text books, and online resources was undertaken to describe the current and prospective uses of GIS in injury and trauma research. RESULTS: Geographic information systems are computerized mapping systems that link information from different data sets spatially. The advantage of GIS is the capability to graphically display different attributes of an area in a way that is easily interpretable. Geographic information systems have been used to study injury rates, describe populations at risk for injury, examine access to trauma care, and develop and assess injury prevention programs. CONCLUSIONS: Geographic information systems are tools for injury researchers to analyze injury rates and risks and to describe their results with colorful maps and graphics that allow the public to see how injuries affect their communities.