Interventions in Primary Care to Reduce Rates of Adolescent Suicide by Firearm

Background: In the past decade, the rate of suicide by firearm among adolescents has increased more than any other age group. Studies show minimal utilization of firearm safety screening and prevention tools by primary care providers caring for adolescents. Firearm injuries are preventable injuries that can be reduced with implementation of appropriate interventions. Objective: To share a proposed firearm safety protocol that when implemented in a primary care setting will aid in the reduction of rates of adolescent suicide by firearm. Methods: Current research between 2015 and 2020 was identified following a comprehensive review of the Giovale Library collection electronic databases including CINAHL, PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, and Cochrane. Following a review of the literature, a proposed firearm screening protocol was developed. The proposed firearm screening protocol begins with pre-visit questionnaires, basing subsequent interventions on specific questionnaire answers, and including distribution of firearm locks and safe firearm storage resources and education. Conclusion: Providers in primary care can contribute to change by utilizing firearm screening methods, discussing firearm storage practices, and assisting individuals and families in obtaining free firearm locks. Primary care providers should continually participate in educational opportunities on firearm injury prevention to remain current with evidence-based practice.