Page 12 | University of Utah Partnerships | J. Willard Marriott Digital Library

American Flame Research Committee

Contents | 12 of 12

Page 12

Download PDF | | Reference URL | Gallery View | Parent Record

Update Item Information

Title	Low NOx with Oxygen Enhanced Combustion in High N2 Environments
Creator	Baukal, C. E.; Gershtein, V. Y.; Eleazer, P. B.
Publisher	Digitized by J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah
Date	1998
Spatial Coverage	presented at Maui, Hawaii
Abstract	It has been well-established that oxygen can be used to enhance the combustion processes. Typical benefits include increased productivity and thermal efficiency and lower flue gas volumes and pollutant emissions. In particular, it has been shown in the glass industry that replacing preheated air with ambient temperature oxygen can reduce NOx emissions by an order of magnitude. However, one of the challenges of using oxygen in combustion processes is minimizing NOx emissions when a substantial amount of N2 is present in the combustor. This N2 can come from air infiltration, from the incoming batch materials, or from the fuel and/or the oxidizer. Recent developments in oxygen production have shown that vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) can produce oxygen much less expensively than traditional cryogenic distillation but at the cost of the 02 purity which is typically around 90-93% with much of the impurity being N2. It has been shown in the secondary aluminum smelting industry that using an oxidizer consisting of a combination of air and 02 often has better economics compared to using high purity 02. In the case of using either VSA oxygen or a combination of air and 02, NOx emissions are often much higher than using either air or high purity 02. This paper first shows the theory of why it is often preferable economically to operate with oxygen-enriched combustion processes in high N2 environment. The paper then shows lab data, computational fluid dynamics modeling, and field measurements for several methods of reducing NOx emissions under the conditions of oxygen-enriched combustion in high N2 environments.
Type	Text
Format	application/pdf
Language	eng
Rights	This material may be protected by copyright. Permission required for use in any form. For further information please contact the American Flame Research Committee.
Conversion Specifications	Original scanned with Canon EOS-1Ds Mark II, 16.7 megapixel digital camera and saved as 400 ppi uncompressed TIFF, 16 bit depth.
Scanning Technician	Cliodhna Davis
ARK	ark:/87278/s6z89g1m
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	13466
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6z89g1m

Page Metadata

Title	Page 12
Format	application/pdf
OCR Text	Show REFERENCES 1. C. E. Baukal (ed.), Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1998. 2. A. I. Dalton and D. W . Tyndall, "Oxygen Enriched Air/Natural Gas Burner System Development," Gas Research Institute (Chicago, IL) report GRI-90/0140, NTIS document PB91-167510, Nov. 1989. 3. C.E. Baukal and A.I. Dalton, "Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides in Oxygen-Enriched Combustion Processes," U.S. Patent 5,413,476 issued 09 May 1995. 4. D. J. Krichten, W.J. Baxter and C.E. Baukal, "Oxygen Enhancement of Burners for Improved Productivity," EPD Congress 1997, proceedings of the 1997 T M S Annual Meeting, edited by B. Mishra, pp. 665-672, February 9-13, 1997, Orlando, FL. 5. R. J. Reed, North American Combustion Handbook, Vol. I, Third Edition, North American Mfg. Co., Cleveland, OH, 1986. 6. F. E. Vandaveer, "Gaseous Fuels," Chapter 2 in Gas Engineers Handbook, Industrial Press, Inc., N e w York, 1965. 7. R. M . McGuinness and W . T. Kleinberg, "Oxygen Production," in Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion, edited by C. E. Baukal, C R C Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1998. 8. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Alternative Control Techniques Document - N O x Emissions from Glass Manufacturing," EPA document EPA-453/R-94-037, Research Triangle Park, N C , June 1994. 9. I. Glassman, Combustion, Third Edition, Academic Press, N e w York, pp. 363-364, 1996. 10. D. J. MacKinnon, "Nitric Oxide Formation at High Temperatures," J. Air Pollution Control Assoc, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 237-9, 1974. 11. E.R. Bazarian, J.F. Heffron and C.E. Baukal, "Method for Reducing N O x Production During Air-Fuel Combustion Processes," U.S. Patent 5,308,239 issued 03 May 1994. 12. C.E. Baukal, A.G. Slavejkov and L.W. Monroig, "Method and Apparatus for Reducing N O x Production During Air-Oxygen-Fuel Combustion," U.S. Patent 5,611,683 issued on 18 March 1997. 12
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	13465
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6z89g1m/13465