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Show oxygen enrichment, little additional savings can be obtained. The incremental economics of preheating enriched air is less favorable than preheating of air per unit amount of heat transferred in the recuperator. In addition, more stringent material requirements to cope with the higher concentrations of oxygen appear to create an additional technical barrier to implement such systems. o The capital cost of an oxygen enriched combustion system is estimated to be roughly one third to one fifth that of an equivalent recuperator-hot air burner system for retrofit applications. Since the net operating cost savings of oxygen enriched combustion systems are strongly dependent on the oxygen to fuel cost ratio, both the current and future costs of fuel and oxygen have to be cons idered for economic evaluation. In addition, significant benefits beyond fuel savings are often important considerations for oxygen enriched combustion. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors would like to express appreciation to Mr. J. Smolarek, Union Carbide Corporation, Linde Division, Tonowanda, New York, who conducted the economic evaluation of oxygen generation methods. This work was conducted in part under U. S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC07-85ID12579. 163 REFERENCES 1. Anderson, J.E., "A Low NO , Low Temperature Oxygen - Fuel Burner", t~ be presented at 1986 Industrial Combustion Technology Symposium, American Society for Metals, Chicago, Illinois, April 29-30, 1986. 2. Anderson, J. E., Oxygen Aspirator Burner and Process for Firing A Furnace, U. S. Patent No. 4,378,205 (March 29, 1983). 3. Kobayashi, H., and Anderson, J.E., "Fuel Reduction in Steel Heating Furnaces with a New Oxygen Combustion System: The Linde "A" Burner System," presented at the American Iron and Steel Institute, Technical Symposium No.9, "Energy Conservation in the Steel Industry", Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1983. 4. Browning, R. A., "The Linde "A" Burner System: Demonstrated Fuel Savings and Even Heating With 100% Oxygen", presented at AISE Annual Convention, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, September 23-26, 1985. 5 . Wa Ish, L. T., Ho, M., and Ding, M. G." Demonstrated Fuel Savings and Uniform Heating with 100% Oxygen Using Linde's "A" Burner in a Continuous Steel Reheat Furnace", to be presented at 1986 Industrial Combustion Technology Symposium, American Society for Metals, Chicago, Illinois, April 29-30, 1986. 6. Gollan, A. Z., and KIeper, M. H., "Research into An Asymmetric Membrane Hollow Fiber Device for Oxygen Enriched Air Production", Phase II Final Report submitted to U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Industrial Programs, Washington, D.C. December 1985. 7. Bomelburg, H. J., Efficiency Evaluation of Oxygen Enrichment in Energy Conversion Processes, Report No. PNL-4917, for U. S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C., December 1983. 8. Thekdi, A. C., and Vereecke, F. J.," Fuel Efficiency Improvement by Oxygen Enrichment of Combustion Air" , Industrial Heating, June, 1981, pp. 22-23. 9. Klingensmith, L. K. , "Applications of Gas/Oxygen Burner Technology to Improve Operating Efficiency of a Direct-Fired Glass Melter", Proceedings of the 45th Conference on Glass Problems, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, November 13-14, 1984. |