| Title |
Characterization of Natural Gas Fired and Alternative Steel Reheat Technologies |
| Creator |
Koch, Gayle Schlea; Williams, James H. |
| Publisher |
Digitized by J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah |
| Date |
1986 |
| Spatial Coverage |
presented at Chicago, Illinois |
| Abstract |
A current market profile is developed for the following natural gas-fired and alternative steel reheat technologies: walking beam, pusher, batch, and induction. The entire natural gas reheat market currently is approximately 135 x 1012 Btu per year out of a total potential reheat market of 187 x 1012 Btu per year. Future steel industry structural and technological trends are examined for potential impacts on the natural gas reheat market. The most important impacts will result from future implementation of hot charging, direct rolling, and thin strip casting. R&D opportunities for improving the competitiveness of gas-fired reheat technologies are discussed, including research in combustion fundamentals and furnace design, development of improved sensors and controls, and distribution of information to industry users. |
| Type |
Text |
| Format |
application/pdf |
| Language |
eng |
| Rights |
This material may be protected by copyright. Permission required for use in any form. For further information please contact the American Flame Research Committee. |
| Conversion Specifications |
Original scanned with Canon EOS-1Ds Mark II, 16.7 megapixel digital camera and saved as 400 ppi uncompressed TIFF, 16 bit depth. |
| Scanning Technician |
Cliodhna Davis |
| ARK |
ark:/87278/s6sf2zqw |
| Setname |
uu_afrc |
| ID |
3714 |
| Reference URL |
https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6sf2zqw |
| Title |
Page 3 |
| Format |
application/pdf |
| OCR Text |
Table 2 - Steel Reheat Market Profile (1984) Estimated market share (percent) Based on Based on tons of Based on Furnace type furnace population steel reheated energy consumption Fossil-fueled: Continuous Batch Electric induction Total Adapted from references (1) and (2). 41 57 2 100 The total amount of raw steel produced in 1984 was 92.6 million tons. Total net shipments of steel mill products were 73.7 million tons. The difference between raw steel production and steel product shipments can be accounted for by material losses, inventory build-up, and imports and exports of semi-finished steel. Little inventory change occurred between the end of 1983 and the end of 1984 (13.6 versus 13.1 million tons, respectively), so the amount of steel reheated during 1984 is estimated based on net shipments and an average 14.4 percent materials loss between the reheat step and the finished product. By adjusting steel product shipments for these material losses, the amount of steel reheated in 1984 can be estimated at 86.1 million tons. The distribution of this steel by reheat furnace type is presented in Table 2. Since batch furnaces are generally used for only small reheat loads, foss i l-fue led cont inuous furnaces are by far the most prevalent market group based on tons of steel reheated. Electric induction furnaces account for only a minor portion of the current steel reheat market. 83 80 13 18 4 2 100 100 Total estimated energy consumption by furnace type is derived from the average fuel consumption per ton of steel and the total number of tons heated. The average fuel consumption for the furnaces is based on cold charging of the steel and rolling temperatures of 2,250°F. Most fossil fuel-fired furnaces operating today rely on natural gas for their energy needs. Waste gas, a term used to describe coke oven gas, and producer gas (a blend of natural gas and coke oven gas) are the second most common energy source for reheating furnaces. Blast furnace gas is generally not used in reheat furnaces because of its low thermal value. Coke oven and producer gas are used in those integrated plants that operate coking facilities and produce the gas as a byproduct. The energy consumption by fuel type is estimated in Table 3. The results show that the total reheat market for natural gas is approximately 135 x 1012 Btu/year, while the market for byproduct gas and residual oil combined is 48 x 1012 Btu/year. Table 3 - Steel Reheat Energy Consumption, 1984 (10 12 Btu) Annual energy consumption by fuel type Furnace type Fossil-fuel fired: Continuous Batch Electric induction Total Natural gas 109.8 25.5 135.3 Adapted from references (1), (2), and (3). Waste gas/ fuel oil Electricity 38.6 8.9 3.7 47.5 3.7 297 Estimated total annual energy consumption 148.4 34.4 3.7 186.5 |
| Setname |
uu_afrc |
| ID |
3709 |
| Reference URL |
https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6sf2zqw/3709 |
