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Show 1 4 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [ BULL. 42 so- called " passing of the pipe." Whenever a number of men have gathered in a house, there is passed from mouth to mouth a lighted pipe, the mouthpiece of which is never cleaned. As there is often in such a group an individual in the earlier stages of consumption, the habit must be regarded as providing a direct mode of infection with the disease. Drunkenness is infrequent on the reservation, owing to the scarcity of liquor. QUINAIELT This small tribe, which on June 30, 1907 numbered only 141 individuals, lives on a relatively large and thickly wooded reservation along the seacoast and about the Quinaielt river and lake in northwestern Washington. The Quinaielt are a branch of the Coast Indians of that general region, and the data concerning them, in this paper, apply equally to the related groups situated farther north, on the peninsula. ( Pis. 10/ 12.) The Quinaielt are quite advanced in civilization. They live in frame dwellings, the newest of which are, both in architecture and furnishing, comparable with similar dwellings among us. They dress as do the whites, and each family is provided with various utensils and other articles of civilized manufacture. The reservation is an extensive flat, elevated but little above the sea, and overgrown with an almost impenetrable primeval forest, in which spruce and hemlock predominate. The Indians are settled in a village ( pi. 11) at the mouth of the Quinaielt river, and in scattered dwellings along this river and about Quinaielt lake. The village consists of about twenty frame houses, built close together, but without crowding. On account of the immense amount of labor involved, and because of the abundance of food in the water, the Indians have cleared but little of the land, and cultivate this on a very limited scale. The climate of the region is not very agreeable. The temperature never rises high, nor does it fall very low, but the air is often chilly and raw, even in summer. The summers are rainless, but many of the days are foggy, and on such days the mornings and evenings are unpleasantly cold. From September to May or June is the rainy season, during which precipitation is very frequent and abundant, the average rainfall being usually well above 100 inches. During the winter there are occasional severe windstorms. There is but little snow, and this does not remain long. Frosts are rare and light. The amount of sunshine which the Quinaielt receive in the course of the year is decidedly below the average. The sea water is cold the whole year. The Quinaielt are domestic, mild- mannered, and tractable. The men of the tribe are almost exclusively fishermen. They depend particularly on the annual run of the highly valued Quinaielt salmon, |