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Title	An Experimental Analysis of Flame Stability of Open Air Diffusion Flames
Creator	Noble, Roger K.; Keller, Michael R.; Schwartz, Robert E.
Publisher	Digitized by J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah
Date	1984
Spatial Coverage	presented at Tulsa, Oklahoma
Abstract	The relief gas flares common in petrochemical production, processing and storage facilities are macro-scale examples of open air diffusion flame burners. Typical relief gases flared can range from high inert content purge streams to high heat content pure hydrocarbon streams. In addition, hydrogen is often a major relief constituent. For the extensive matrix of possible petrochemical plant relief compositions, the flare burner must be selected such that the combustion dynamics of the turbulent jet are compatible with the relief gas combustibility. To meet its prime objective of safe, effective disposal, the flare burner must provide stable ignition and complete combustion of the relief gases. Recent tests have, in fact, shown that a properly designed and operated flare can achieve extremely high hydrocarbon combustion and destruction efficiencies. Conversely, if a mismatch occurs between the flare burner (design, application or operation) and the combustibility characteristics of the relief gas, combustion may not occur or may proceed inefficiently. It is the purpose of this paper to study the stability of the open air diffusion flame as related to the combustion characteristics of the gases to be flared.
Type	Text
Format	application/pdf
Language	eng
Rights	This material may be protected by copyright. Permission required for use in any form. For further information please contact the American Flame Research Committee.
Conversion Specifications	Original scanned with Canon EOS-1Ds Mark II, 16.7 megapixel digital camera and saved as 400 ppi uncompressed TIFF, 16 bit depth.
Scanning Technician	Cliodhna Davis
ARK	ark:/87278/s6n58pxj
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	1892
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6n58pxj

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Title	Page 24
Format	application/pdf
OCR Text	Show optimum flame stability for flare burners can be achieved using a flame retention device working in conjunction with a properly positioned constant ignition pilot. 5. Gas Mixture Temperatures - The empirically derived correlation for the tested flare indexes the combustion stability to the gas jet Mach Number. The sonic velocity dividend in the Mach Number is proportional to the square root of the gas temperature. By this reasoning, higher temperature gas discharges would then be stable to higher exit velocities. All gas mixtures in the experimental program were at temperatures near the atmospheric 60 - 80° F. Presently there is no supporting data to test the higher gas temperature - higher exit velocity thesis. CONCLUSIONS The flame stability of open-air turbulent jet diffusion flames was investigated as practically related to the combustibility of the gas to be burned. An Experimental Index, Nn, was developed from fundamental combustion consideration. An experimental program illustrated good correlation between the Experimental Index and the limiting gas jet velocity for stable burning. A specific empirical relation was developed for stable burning 5.2.23
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	1887
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6n58pxj/1887