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Show heat recovery equipment, is to reheat the flue gas (using more fueD to just the right temperature for optimum performance of the selective catalytic reduction reaction , and then to add still more heat recovery equipment after the SCR. A major advance in the evolution of SCR technology has been the development of lower temperature catalysts and reactor designs that solve the problems of major surgery or reheat/re-recovery for retrofits. Today, beside an existing operating furnace, we can erect an SCR complete with ammonia injection system, induced draft fan and stack, that will treat the flue gas at its existing temperature. Then, on shutdown, only the duct from the existing stack to the SCR need be erected. This eliminates the need for major surgery or reheat/ re-recovery, cuts the cost by about one-third, and, just as important for retrofits, minimizes installation down time. Contractor Selection With the foregoing as background, we turn now to the mobilization of a major refinery 's NOx reduction project to comply with South Coast Air Quality Management District 's Rules 1146 and 1109. We will first call attention to some of the important considerations that enter into the contractor selection process. At Chevron, the quality process is the foremost consideration . We expect the selected contractor to join us in a wholehearted cotJUJUtment to, and to have already in place an effective plan for continuous quality improvement. Constructability and the contractor 's experience and commitment to continuous review from scoping to final design to maximize the ease and efficiency of installation is central to a quality project. The selected contractor must be well experienced in contributing to and carrying out hazards and operability analyses. The contractor's support of and demonstrated experience with the total team approach to project execution is essential. And we expect the contractor's commitment to and demonstrated experience in continuously seeking out and advising us of the latest, most cost-effective designs. More general aspects of the potential contractor 's experience that are important include an appreciation of our problems and an ability to assist us in scope development, contractor management's interest and enthusiasm, the importance of our project to the contractor, the effect of the project on any alliances that we may have in place. and building expertise for future projects. Commercial aspects of importance are financial strength, common view on terms and conditions, manpower rates, procurement and construction markups, per diem rates, payment schedules. and costs of supplies and services. Specifically with respect to the potential contractor's experience, we want to be shown that prior designs worked and vere cost-effective. We want to know if the contractor's customers liked the product. Are the contractor 's plants operationally effective and maintainable with effective technical backup? All aspects of engineering capability are important: process, thermal, mechanical, civil, architectural, instrumentation, electrical, piping design . etc . On-time performance, the best prices. and a strong record of dealing with suppliers committed to quality improvement are important. In-house expertise is an essential quality in the selected contractor. Finally, construction and start up experience weigh heavily in the selection process. A number of contractor selection criteria have an important impact on the implementation process. The numerical adequacy, level of experience and stability of staff are all important. As to contractor work locations. are they near by? Is the contractor so good that we are willing to travel? Other important implementation criteria include planning and scheduling capability, cost control methodology, modeling capability, modern design tools, and project team organization and staffing . Hardware Installations Having hit the highlights of contractor selection, we nov turn to a brief description of the actual NOx reduction hardware that has been installed at Chevron 's El Segundo Refinery. To provide an idea of the scale and extent of the project to date, suffice it to say that well over 1000 cubic yards of concrete have been poured and more than 1000 tons of steel have been erected at a total compliance cost exceeding S50-million. 5 |
