Page 16
| Title | Uncontrolled Pollutant Emissions from Biomass Combustion Under Simulation Boiler Furnace Conditions |
| Creator | Jenkins, B. M.; Baxter, L. L. |
| Publisher | Digitized by J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah |
| Date | 1994 |
| Spatial Coverage | presented at Maui, Hawaii |
| Abstract | Uncontrolled NOx, S02, CO, and total hydrocarbon emission factors were determined for five types of biomass fuels burned in a laboratory furnace a t varying stoichiometry without combustion air staging. The finely divided fuels were burned in a down-flow, electrically heated furnace under conditions simulating in part the furnace conditions in commercially operating biomass-fueled power plants. Fuel nitrogen and sulfur concentrations ranged from 0.1 - 1.3% and 0.01 - 0.39% by weight, respectively. NOx emissions were observed to decline as equivalence ratio was increased from about 0.3 to 1. S02 emissions were observed to increase over the same range. CO and total hydrocarbon emissions increased sharply for most fuels beginning a t about 0.7 equivalence ratio. Fuel N conversion to NOx was not determined, but the majority of the NOx is thought to derive from fuel-bound nitrogen under the conditions maintained in the furnace. Generally, total uncontrolled NOx production at similar fuel N concentration appeared to be reduced with the biomass fuels compared to coal, but the trend is only weakly supported because of the limited available data. |
| Type | Text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Language | eng |
| Rights | This material may be protected by copyright. Permission required for use in any form. For further information please contact the American Flame Research Committee. |
| Conversion Specifications | Original scanned with Canon EOS-1Ds Mark II, 16.7 megapixel digital camera and saved as 400 ppi uncompressed TIFF, 16 bit depth. |
| Scanning Technician | Cliodhna Davis |
| ARK | ark:/87278/s6jq13md |
| Setname | uu_afrc |
| ID | 8025 |
| Reference URL | https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6jq13md |
Page Metadata
| Title | Page 16 |
| Format | application/pdf |
| OCR Text | 16 are similar to the uncontrolled emissions for the wood, although actual fuel S concentrations are only approximately known for the commercial units, varying from 0.03 to 0.96%. Table 4. Pollutant emission factors (% dry fuel) for open field burning, commercial biomass-fueled fluidized bed combustors (CFS), and MFC uncontrolled emissions. Field bum Wooda Rice Strawi' CO 5.54 3,22 NOx 0.20 0,28 S02 0.01 0.06 THC 0.89 0.44 aJenkins, 1994. Wood is Douglas fir slash. bJenkins and Tum, 1994. MFC, tp = 0.85 CFBc Woodd Rice strawe 0,002 0.45 0.30 0.048 0.19 0.40 0.01 0.005 0.035 0.001 0.04 0.01 cGrass and Jenkins, 1994. Includes ammonia and limestone injection. Fuels comprising urban and agricultural wood fuels with small amounts of fruit pits and nut shells. dOouglas fir stem wood. . et/J= 0.87 Conclusions Laboratory combustion results show declining NOx emission levels from biomass fuels with increasing equivalence ratio in the range 0.3 ~ tf> ~ 1 without staged combustion or secondary air addition. The results appear to be consistent with fuel NOx formation and competition for oxygen with carbon and sulfur. Reductions in NOx emission of 30 to 90% occur between equivalence ratios of 0.3 and 0.85 for the fuels tested. Although fuel NOx was not specifically determined, the majority of the NOx appears to be fuel-derived, The NOx production relative to fuel N concentration declines with increasing fuel N in a manner consistent with other nitrogen bearing fuels. The relative NOx production for biomass appears to be less than that for coal, but additional experiments under similar combustion conditions are needed to confmn this trend. S02 emissions were observed to increase with increasing equivalence ratio, suggesting competition with carbon, and possibly nitrogen, for oxygen, or homogeneous or heterogeneous reactions producing other sulfur species, not identified. Further investigation is required to determine the fate of the fuel S in the laboratory combustor. |
| Setname | uu_afrc |
| ID | 8022 |
| Reference URL | https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6jq13md/8022 |