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Show [Integrated Emissions Control] i Operating costs i i Trace Element Control Sorbent Injection 5 Energy Efficiency \Envlronmental Regulations ^_m_ Particle Control rt i Fine Particle Capture ESP New Hot Filters ipture ,WT SOx 1 NOx Control ' Control f in Furnace In Duct Post- Pre- Sorbent Sorbent Comb. Comb. Bag Filters Conditioning Hardware Changes improve SCR performance affect trace element removal and SO. reduction affect fine particle capture, trace element removal, ash quality and sorbent residence time interacts with precombustion N O , particle capture, trace element partitioning, ash quality U SNCR SCR interacts chemically in combined SO,, NO, and particle capture affects trace element partitioning and ash quality control affects carbon in ash, particle capture, trace element partitioning, ash quality Interactive Processes in the Control of Airborne Pollutants from Fuel Combustion determining h o w to balance these demands at minimum cost. By studying h o w staged burning affects the amount of carbon in ash, the program can recommend practical trade-offs for specific fuel applications. CONTROL REGULATION STUDIES CETC offers Canadian industry an unrivaled window on regulatory and standardization activities. CETC's professionals take part in industrial problem-solving as well as participating with Environment Canada and other national and international agencies in formulating regulations. CETC's staff therefore lend an industrially oriented voice to committees writing regulations and standards. These perspectives allow C E T C to design programs that anticipate the direction and scope of forthcoming environmental regulations. PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION CETC's combustion team of scientists, engineers and technicians helps industrial clients find solutions to their needs, either singly or in consortia. Our key is a cooperative approach. A s clients deem appropriate, w e supplement our expertise by involving experts from other parts of NRCan, the federal government, provincial governments, other research organizations or universities. W e encourage participation by industrial associations. Contracts under CETC's Integrated Emissions Control program are flexible and tailored to clients' needs. In a typical SOx and trace element project, CETC and one or two utility companies, possibly with the collaboration of Environment Canada, would join forces to: • determine the extent, pathways and fate of specified trac elements during the combustion of the coals that the utilities expect to use • evaluate the effectiveness of sorbent injection for SO2 control on the capture of volatile trace elements • compare the partitioning of trace elements in a pilot-scale research boiler under k n o w n conditions with those obtained under similar conditions in utility boilers Working with the utilities, we would select the coals and proposed sorbent. W e would compile all available data on trace elements in the chosen coals and their combustion products, taking fireside samples. The facilities would be cleaned rigorously to avoid errors from contamination. Using the research boiler and downstream flue-gas processing circuit of our pilot plant, w e would measure the emissions of trace elements when burning the coals (with the emissions caused by burning natural gas as a base case for comparison) and prepare mass balances for the trace elements as they pass through the type of fly-ash collection system used by the utilities. W e would apply in-furnace or post combustion sorbent injection to determine the effects of a lime-based sorbent on emissions of trace elements for each coal. Such a project would include detailed studies by our combustion experts, spectroscopic and chemical analyses in comprehensive facilities, and reports on trace element partitioning under defined combustion regimes in pilot-scale or commercial-scale boilers. W e would comment on the type, extent and fate of trace elements and suggest strategies for our clients to minimize costs of compliance with expected environmental regulations. Observation and participation by clients' officers is always welcome. I |
