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Show REFERENCES Beer, J. M., and Chigier, N. A. (1972). Combustion Aerodynamics, Applied Science, London. Durao, D. F. G., and Whitelaw, 1. H. (1975). The Influence of Sampling Procedures on Velocity Bias in Turbulent Flows, Proceedings of the WA-Symposium Copenhagen 1975, Denmark. Durst, F., and Ruck, B. (1987). Effective Particle Size Range in Laser-Doppler Anemometry, Experiments in Fluids, Vol. 5, pp. 305-314. Edwards, C. F. (1988). Investigation of Spray Flame Structure in a Near-Axisymmetric Optical Access Research Furnace, presented at the Spring Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah. March 1988. Paper No. 88-45. Edwards, R. V. (Ed.) (1987). Report of the Special Panel on Statistical Particle Bias Problems in Laser Anemometry, Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol. 109, pp. 89-93. Gupta, A.K., Lilley, D.G., and Syred, N. (1984). Swirl Flows, Abacus Press, Cambridge Massachusetts. Keller, J. 0., and Saito, K. (1987). Measurements of the Combusting Flow in a Pulse Combustor, Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 53, pp. 137-163. Miller, I., and Freund, J. E. (1977). Probability and Statistics for Engineers, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Tennekes, H., and Lumley, J. L. (1972). A First Course in Turbulence, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. APPENDIX Correction of Axial Velocity Data for Beam Tilt In order to measure the "axial" velocity component across the entrance to the furnace, a small tilt (5-) of the laser beams was required. This tilt causes the measured "axial" velocity to differ from the true axial velocity by an amount determined by the magnitude of the velocity component in the plane of tilt. Figure A.l illustrates the situation. The measured velocity, V zm, is obtained along path, Zm, tilted through angle ~ in the z-t (axial-tangential) plane from the true axial direction, z. From trigonometry it may be shown that the velocity vectors V z and V zm are related by V z = (V zm + V tsin~ )/cos~ (A. 1 ) where V t is the measured tangential velocity component. This relationship applies to each individual V zm, Vt pair. However, time averaging of equation A.l leads to an identical relationship but expressed in terms of the mean values of the velocity components. As such Eq. A.l was applied to the mean data obtained at the entrance plane, and resulted in the correction of the data shown in Fig. A.2. It should be noted that after correction of the data, integration of the velocity profile to obtain the mass flowrate showed agreement with the metered flowrate within 1.2%. - 11 - |