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Show 1. Introduction This contribution is addressed primarily to the practical man who ecus5 into contact with the problems of avalanche effects on structures in the course of his professional work in the mountains. An attempt is made to estimate avalanche forces by assembling a number of relatively simple formulas. But a certain experience and familiarity with snow and avalanches are still assumed for an intelligent treatment of the subject. The following exposition is based on the latest available theoretical studies, on current experience from test installations of the Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research ( SLF), and on the study of specific problems in the Swis3 Alps. B, Salm: Contribution to avalanche dynamics. Mitteilung Nr. 24 des Eidg. Instituts fur Schnee- und Lawin-enforschung vom Februar 1966 B. Salm: Lawinenwirkuncr tmd bauliche Schutzmassnahmen. ( Avalanche effects and construction measures for defense.) Referat anlasslich eines Lawinenzonen- Kurses vom 8./ 9. Nov. 1962 ( Unpublished) A. Voellmy: Ueber die ZerstSrungskraft von Lawinen. ( On the destructive force of avalanches.) Sonderdruck aus der Schweiz. Bauzeitung, 73rd year, Vol. 12, 15, 17 and 37 ( 1955) Available in English as Transl. No. 2, U. S. Forest Service Alta Avalanche Study Center- As a rule, these cited works deal with simple avalanche models in which are introduced materials constants for static and moving snow whose numerical values are only partly known. For this reason a high degree of accuracy cannot be assigned to |