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Show 14 LIDS SOLID BY-PRODUCT Coal-fired utilities currently generate a large amount of solid by-products due to standards adopted to control the emission of S02 from electric power stations. In the past, solid by-product generation has been a low priority issue. However, recently it has become evident that it is important to assess the characteristics of the by-products produced by coal-fired utilities in terms of their readiness for disposal as well as utilization prospects. This is in large part due to increasing public and governmental pressure. An important objective of the B&W LEBS development work is to ensure that at a minimum, the system produces a solid by-product that is considered benign for environmentally acceptable disposal, with the more desirable option being to develop a system that utilizes or reuses the solid by-product. Disposal Characteristics Under definition of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), solid wastes are classified as hazardous and unsuitable for conventional disposal if they exhibit characteristics of ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, and/or extraction procedure toxicity. The chief environmental concern associated with coal combustion by-products is the potential leaching of harmful constituents into groundwater. Therefore, to deem the LIDS solid by-product as environmentally benign for disposal, results of hazardous wastes tests and water quality standards tests were obtained. The results are listed in Tables 2 and 3. All characteristics were below hazardous waste definitions. The results for all organic, volatile organic, and metal analytes were below the detection limits and well below the EPA toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) limits. Table 2 LIDS SOLID BY-PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS EPA EPA Method LIDS Hazardous Test No. By-Product Waste Limit Ignitability >150 .-- .. ~ -;. 1010 I ~ - , - Corrosivitv (pH) 1110 12.34 12.5 Reactive Sulfide 9040 <48 500 Reactive Cyanide 9040 <35 250 TCLPMetals 1311 All Below Regulatory Limits TCLP Semivolatile Organies 1311 All Below Regulatory Limits TCLP Volatile Ore-anies 1311 All Below Regulatory Limits |