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Title	Nitrogenous Emissions the Role of Sulphur and Equivalence Ratio
Creator	Burgess, Anthony R.; Molero, Luis-Javier
Publisher	Digitized by J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah
Date	1998
Spatial Coverage	presented at Maui, Hawaii
Abstract	Nitrogen and sulphur are fuel constituents which contribute significantly to atmospheric pollution and to the deterioration of combustion equipment through the formation of NOx and SOx. Large concentrations of fuel-N and -S are normally present in liquid fuels of industrial interest, such as heavy or residual fuel oils. The extent to which these species interact during or after their formation can be of relevance and depend on a number of factors, such as the concentrations of nitrogen and sulphur in fuel and the equivalence ratio. In the work presented a number of heavy gas oils and an oil-water emulsion were investigated. Baseline emissions of NOx (NO plus N02) and SO2, as well as other combustion products, were measured at three equivalence ratios, namely fuel-lean (φ = 0.833), stoichiometric (φ = 1.00) and fuel-rich (φ = 1.20). The effect of sulphur on nitrogenous emissions was assessed by the addition of increasing amounts of SO2 (gaS) to the combustion system. This caused the concentrations of NO and N02 to vary in different ways according to the overall equivalence ratio of the combustion system. Sizeable increases or decreases of the emissions of nitrogenous compounds were thus observed, which were attributed to the action of sulphur compounds on NOx-forming reactions or direct reaction between SO2 and nitrogenous compounds.
Type	Text
Format	application/pdf
Language	eng
Rights	This material may be protected by copyright. Permission required for use in any form. For further information please contact the American Flame Research Committee.
Conversion Specifications	Original scanned with Canon EOS-1Ds Mark II, 16.7 megapixel digital camera and saved as 400 ppi uncompressed TIFF, 16 bit depth.
Scanning Technician	Cliodhna Davis
ARK	ark:/87278/s67w6fsm
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	12798
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s67w6fsm

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Title	Page 16
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OCR Text	Show subsystem and, to a lesser extent, direct reactions with reduced S species. The type of fuel plays a role as emissions from Orimulsion are larger than those from other heavy gas oils. Opposed effects of sulphur in stoichiometric conditions can partly be explained by the lower amounts of radicals available after radical recombination. Also, the amine subsystem may be altered by reaction with reduced S species. Increased emissions of N 0 2 in fuel-rich conditions may be due to lower amounts of H radicals available for its reduction, or to enhanced concentrations of H 0 2 or hydroperoxyl radicals (R02) caused by S02. Sulphur dioxide was seen to interact with hydrocarbons present in the system, which may substantiate the presence of larger concentrations of R 0 2 radicals. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Repsol Petroleo SA, National Power pic and The British Petroleum Company pic for technical and financial support of this work. References 1. ARMITAGE J.W., CULLIS C.F. 1971. Studies of the reaction between nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide. Combustion and Flame, 16, 125-130. 2. B U R G E S S A.R., M O L E R O L.J. 1996. Combustion generated N O x and S 0 2 from heavy liquid fuels. Joint Meeting of the Portuguese, British, Spanish and Swedish Sections of The Combustion Institute. The Combustion Institute. Funchal (Portugal), 6.7.1-6.7.4. 3. C H A G G E R H.K., G O D D A R D P.R., M U R D O C H P., WILLIAMS A. 1991. Effect of S 0 2 on the reduction of NOx by reburning with methane. Fuel, 70, 1,137-1,142 4. C H E N A T , MALTE P.C., T H O R N T O N M.M. 1984. Sulphur nitrogen interaction in stirred flames. 20th Symposium (International) on Combustion. The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh (USA), 769-777. 5. C O R L E Y T.L., W E N D T J.O.L. 1984. Postflame behaviour of nitrogenous species in the presence of fuel sulphur: II. Rich, CH4/He/02 flames. Combustion and Flame, 58, 141-152. 6. CULLIS C.F., H E N S O N R.M., TRIMM D.L. 1966. The kinetics of the homogeneous gaseous oxidation of sulphur dioxide. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London (England), A 295, 72-83. 7. D R Y E R F.L. 1977. Water addition to practical combustion systems - concepts and applications. 76^ Symposium (International) on Combustion. The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh (USA), 279-295. 8. DURIE R.A., J O H N S O N G.M., SMITH M.Y. 1971. The effect of sulphur dioxide on hydrogen-atom recombination in the burnt gas of premixed fuel-rich propane-oxygen- nitrogen flames. Combustion and Flame, 17, 194-203. 9. GRAVILLE S. 1993. Pollutant formation in the combustion of heavy fuel oil. PhD thesis, The University of London, London (England). 16
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	12796
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s67w6fsm/12796