Working memory capacity and task goals modulate error-specific event-related potentials

The present study investigates individual differences in information processing following an error. Participants with high working memory capacity (WMC) and with low WMC performed a high congruency version of the flanker task under both speedand accuracy-stress. We recorded event-related potentials and behavioral measures of accuracy and response time (RT) in the flanker task with a primary focus on processing following an error. We compared WMC groups on the error related negativity (ERN) and the positivity following an error (Pe) associated with both task goal and working memory capacity. Those with a high WMC had a larger ERN compared to those with lower WMC. In addition, accuracy stress reflected a larger ERN than speed-based trials. The data suggest the error related negativity was modulated by task goals and working memory capacity. The Pe was modulated by task goals, but not by WMC. However, a significant interaction demonstrates an increased awareness of erroneous responses for high WMC subjects under accuracy-stress. Additionally, both groups exhibited greater posterror slowing under accuracy-stress as compared to speed-stress. This indicates that both WMC groups were able to adjust their behaviors according to the constraints of the task goals following an erroneous response.