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Title	Refinery Heater Simulation by the Hottel Zoning Method
Creator	Loftus, Jordan ScD
Publisher	Digitized by J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah
Date	1989
Spatial Coverage	presented at Short Hills, New Jersey
Abstract	The Heater Design System (HDS) is a comprehensive set of Fortran VS77 routines which simulates the behavior of refinery heaters. It is a heat transfer, mass and energy balance program featuring the Similarity of Jet Theory for flow field generation and Hottel Zoning for energy balance solution. The program is used to trouble-shoot plant problems, evaluate competing vendor designs and to revamp old heaters for new services. The data required to drive the program are readily accessible to the practicing engineer in a refinery or in an engineering department. On an IBH 3090 Hodel 600 mainframe under HVS/XA/TSO operating system, a cylindrical heater operating with a convection section is simulated in 10.3 CPU seconds when matching process duty and a box heater, 35.6 seconds at specified firing rate. The fuel is either gas, liquid and/or solid; oxidant is air, enriched air or gas turbine exhaust; diluent is a non-oxidant gas mixture, water or steam. The burner may be single or combination fuel fired. The user characterizes the burner by its minimum throat area, air jet angle, pressure drop coefficient and flame length. The flue gas is computed assuming complete combustion. User may specify either excess air, oxygen content or mass rates." The flue gas is simulated by either a 1 clear - 2 grey gas (gas firing) or 3 grey gas model (fuel oil firing). Process side linkage is provided by specifying its temperature and transport properties profile. The inside film heat transfer coefficient is based on equations provided by APIRP530. The program divides an axi-symmetrical cylindrical furnace into 5 by 10 gas volumes, and a box heater into 3 by 4 by 4 rectilinear gas volumes per gas-space. The user specifies the box dimensions, tube layout and burner(s) location. A maximum of 3 gas spaces with different heat transfer requirements is handled. The process coils are replaced by equivalent sink planes. The 3D box heater interchange areas are computed by the method of Hottel and Cohen. Errku data are used for 2D cylindrical heater.
Type	Text
Format	application/pdf
Language	eng
Rights	This material may be protected by copyright. Permission required for use in any form. For further information please contact the American Flame Research Committee.
Conversion Specifications	Original scanned with Canon EOS-1Ds Mark II, 16.7 megapixel digital camera and saved as 400 ppi uncompressed TIFF, 16 bit depth.
Scanning Technician	Cliodhna Davis
ARK	ark:/87278/s6571fkv
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	5479
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6571fkv

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Title	Page 47
Format	application/pdf
OCR Text	Show PROPRIETARY PROPERTY OF TEXACO ENGINEERING DEPT . - HEATER DESIGN SYSTEM - IBM VERSION 02/89 Table 3R - Plant 2 08/14/89 GAS ONLY FIRNG GECMETRY FOR THE CYLINDRICAL HEATER ACTUAL HEIGHT H - 54 . 800 FT . DIAMETER (TUBE CIRCLE) 0 - 27 . 440 FT . DIAMETER ( INSIDE SURFACE) , OW - 28 . 880 FT . TUBE CIRCLE TO INSIDE SURF . , GP-ROOF OPENING INSIDE RADIUS Rl - ROOF OPENING OUTSIDE RADIUS R2 - UPWARD INDUCED FLOW FACTOR , FIF - MAX . RECIRCULATION FACTOR , FMR - BURNER INPUT PARAMETERS FLUE GAS STREAM INTO RADIANT BOX- 3 0 . 720 FT . 0. 000 FT . 4. 500 FT . 0 .250 0. 500 BURNER CIRCLE DIAMETER, FT . 9.5100 BURNER THROAT DIAMETER, FT . 2.0000 NUMBER OF BURNERS PER RING 8 ENTERING BURNER AIR TEMP . , FAHR - 74 .0 EFFECTIVE FLAME LENGTH, FT . - A • M-mTU/H •• B JET PLANAR HALF ANGLE, DE(; . 10 .000 FRACTION PRECOMBUSTED, DECIMAL - O. OOOOOE+OO ENERGY BALANCE CALCULATION PARAMETERS SINK TEMPERATURE SWITCH 2 PRESSURE INSIDE HEATER SOOT EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT WEIGHTING FACTOR FOR FORCED BTC 0. 00 PSIG - 0.000 11FT 2 .0 WEIGHTING FACTOR FOR FREE HTC 1.0 EMISSIVITY OF PROCESS TUBE SURFACE - 0 .940 EMISSIVITY OF REFRACTORY SURFACE - 0 .600 StM1ARY RESULTS - SET # 1 FORCED CONVECTION INSIDE TUBES - PHASE MIXED TUBE METALLURGY AVERAGE INSIDE TUBE DlAMETER, INCHES STRAIGHT TUBE LENGTH, FEET MASS VELOCITY, LB I SEC SQ FT BULK TEMPERATURE, FAHRENHEIT PRESSURE,PSIG NO SLIP MIXED DENSITY, LB/CF NO SLIP VELOCITY, FPS INSIDE SURFACE TEMPERATURE, F ABRENBEIT TEMA FOULING RESISTANCE, BR SF R PER BTU WEIGHT FRACTION LIQUID LIQUID PROPERTIES SPECIFIC BEAT, BTU I LB FAHRENHEIT BULK FLUID VISCOSITY, CP FLUID FILM VISCOSITY, CP BULK THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, BTU IHR FT F DENSITY, LB/CF BT . TRANS . COEF . , BTU I BR SQ FT (10) VAPOR PROPERTIES SPECIFIC BEAT, BTU I LB FAHRENHEIT BULK FLUID VISCOSITY, CP BULK THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, BTU/HR FT F MACH NUMBER DENSITY, LB/CF ENTHALPY (EDS DATUM), BTU ILB r-DLECULAR WE IGHT HT. TRANS . COEF., BTU I BR SQ FT (10) MIXED PROPERTIES FILM COEFFICIENT, BTU I BR SQ FT (10) OUTLET 9CR 7.982 53 .5 59 . 653 770. -13.2 0 . 074 810.8 847 . 0. 0020 0 .560 0 .736 0.970 0.589 0 .039 50.500 33 .940 0.688 0.010 0.028 1. 7530 0 .032 0. 00 0. 00 179 .210 81.841 2 MIXED TUB lIN 9a 7.982 53 .5 59 . 653 757 . -13 .2 0. 149 399 .5 833 . 0 . 0020 0. 400 0 . 736 0 . 995 0.603 0.041 50 . 600 34 . 691 0.682 0. 035 0. 030 1 . 4372 0. 090 0.00 0 .00 113 . 690 70 . 514 3 MIXED TUB20UT 9CR 5. 972 53.5 106 . 565 757 . -13.2 0 .149 713 .7 833 . 0. 0020 0.400 0 . 736 0 . 995 0 .603 0.041 50 .600 58 .479 0 .682 0 .035 0 .030 2.5675 0 .090 0. 00 0. 00 191 . 650 108 .385 PAGE 1 4 5 6 7 8 MIXED MIXED MIXED MIXED LIQUID TUB2IN TUB30UT TUB6IN TUB70UT THIN 9CR 9CR 9CR 9CR 9CR 5. 972 4.912 4 .912 3 . 514 3 .514 53 .5 53 .5 53 .5 53.5 53 .5 106 .565 157 .521 157 . 521 307 . 787 307.787 754 . 754 . 716 . 716 . 635 . -13 .2 -13 .2 -13 .2 -13 .2 65 .6 0. 140 0 .140 0.452 0.452 51 . 100 760 .3 1123 . ~ 348.7 681.4 6 .0 829 . 829 . 788 . 788 . 699 . 0 . 0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0 . 0020 0. 265 0 .265 0.400 0.400 1.000 0. 729 0 .729 0. 712 0 .712 0. 675 1. 001 1.001 1. 074 1.074 1. 230 0.606 0.606 0 . 646 0 .646 0. 731 0. 042 0 . 042 0 . 042 0.042 0. 064 50.600 50 .600 50 . 700 50 . 700 51.100 59 . 081 83 .984 80 . 695 147 . 458 180 . 591 0.681 0 . 681 0.664 0.664 .* •••••• 0. 041 0 . 041 0. 114 0.114 •••••••• 0. 031 0.031 0.038 0 . 038 ••• _ ••• 2.9324 4.3345 2.1847 4.2687 0 . 0000 0. 103 0.103 0 . 272 0.272 •••••••• 0 . 00 0.00 0 . 00 0. 00 •••••••• 0 .00 0. 00 0.00 0.00 •••••••• 181. 891 258 . 560 192 . 262 351 .330 •••••••• 114.997 149.023 113 . 980 175 .233 132. 672 CYG .AAA CYG .BRN CYG .AAA
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	5472
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6571fkv/5472