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Title	NOx Reduction with Oxygen-Fuel Combustion
Creator	Baukal, C. E.; Dalton, A. I.
Publisher	Digitized by J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah
Date	1990
Spatial Coverage	presented at San Francisco, California
Abstract	The minerals, metals, and waste incineration industries rely heavily on combustion for materials processing. These industries are being forced to upgrade their current combustion technology since increasingly stringent regulations are being written to limit NOx production. There are different strategies for reducing NOx. The more expensive strategy post-treats the flue gas to remove NOx after its formation. The less expensive method is to minimize NOx formation in the flame using combustion modification techniques. However, this often also reduces combustion efficiency. Oxygenfuel combustion is a modification technique that not only lowers NOx but also increases efficiency. Air Products conducted an extensive set of experiments in a large scale instrumented furnace to compare the NOx emissions from both air-fuel and oxygen-fuel burners under controlled conditions. The oxygen-fuel burners produced an order of magnitude less NOx than the air-fuel burners. For both the air-fuel and oxygen-fuel burners, NOx was a strong function of the oxygen level in the oxidizer and of the stoichiometry. The paper discusses the lab results and shows how NOx is affected by the various parameters. Implementation of oxygen-fuel combustion technology has produced dramatic NOx reductions while actually increasing efficiency compared to previously employed air-fuel systems. Examples of NOx in specific applications are presented.
Type	Text
Format	application/pdf
Language	eng
Rights	This material may be protected by copyright. Permission required for use in any form. For further information please contact the American Flame Research Committee.
Conversion Specifications	Original scanned with Canon EOS-1Ds Mark II, 16.7 megapixel digital camera and saved as 400 ppi uncompressed TIFF, 16 bit depth.
Scanning Technician	Cliodhna Davis
ARK	ark:/87278/s61c20f6
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	6102
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s61c20f6

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Title	Page 8
Format	application/pdf
OCR Text	Show that for the configuration tested, NOx was not sensitive to whether the nitrogen came from the fuel gas or the oxidizer. For pure 02, some NOx was still produced because there were still trace amounts of N2 in both the fuel and oxidizer. NOx increased rapidly as the overall oxygen purity decreased at these high Figure 9: Ibs NO/MMBtu 0 .12 .--------------------------------------------. 0 .10 0.08 0.06 0 .04 0 .02 APCI KT-3 100% 02 2.37-2.40 MMBtu/hr o N2 Added to 02 X N2 Added to N.G. O.OO~--J---~--~----~--~--~----L---J---~--~ 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 02 in Oxidizer (%) Flue nitric oxide versus percent oxygen in the oxidizer for an Air Products' K-Tech burner firing on natural gas. levels of enrichment. This is important Slnce some oxygen sources may contain several percent nitrogen and some natural gas sources can have as high as 15% nitrogen6 • Figure 10 shows that higher stoichiometries also lead to higher NOx emissions as they did for low level enrichment. Figure 10: Ibs NO/MMBtu 0 . 035~------------------------------------------~ 0.030 APCI KT-3 3.75 MMBtu/hr 0 .025 100% 02 0 .020 0 .015 0 .010 0.005 0 0 .000 ~ __ __'_ ____ __'_ ____ _'__ ____ _'_ ____ -'--__ ____L ____ __'_ ____ _J 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Stoichiometry Flue nitric oxide versus stoichiometry for an Air Products' K-Tech burner firing on natural gas. The important result of the experiments is that absolute NOx emissions for low level oxygen enrichment were nearly an order of 1990 AFRC Symposium -8- October 1990
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	6099
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s61c20f6/6099